| Summary: | <i>Phlomis viscosa</i> Poiret (an evergreen shrub) represents a valuable source of medicinal compounds. In this study, we discovered compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral properties. The aim of this study was to identify compounds of <i>P. viscosa</i> and estimate the antimicrobial and antiviral activity of its phytochemicals. The volatile compounds were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. For the identification of nonvolatile components of the extracts, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were applied. Quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside and hesperidin caused a significant decrease in the bacterial concentration of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>, <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> and <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The growth of drug-resistant microorganisms (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> and <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>) was inhibited by quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside, quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-arabinoside and hesperidin. In addition, these compounds demonstrated antiquorum-sensing properties. Diosmin, hesperidin and quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-arabinoside significantly inhibited varicella zoster virus (VZV) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside and quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-arabinoside were effective against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), including mutant strains.
|
|---|