Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord
The umbilical cord is a critical anatomical structure connecting the placenta with the foetus, fulfilling multiple functions during pregnancy and hence influencing foetal development, programming and survival. Histologically, the umbilical cord is composed of three blood vessels: two arteries and on...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1754 |
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| author | Lara Sánchez-Trujillo Cielo García-Montero Oscar Fraile-Martinez Luis G. Guijarro Coral Bravo Juan A. De Leon-Luis Jose V. Saez Julia Bujan Melchor Alvarez-Mon Natalio García-Honduvilla Miguel A. Saez Miguel A. Ortega |
| author_facet | Lara Sánchez-Trujillo Cielo García-Montero Oscar Fraile-Martinez Luis G. Guijarro Coral Bravo Juan A. De Leon-Luis Jose V. Saez Julia Bujan Melchor Alvarez-Mon Natalio García-Honduvilla Miguel A. Saez Miguel A. Ortega |
| author_sort | Lara Sánchez-Trujillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The umbilical cord is a critical anatomical structure connecting the placenta with the foetus, fulfilling multiple functions during pregnancy and hence influencing foetal development, programming and survival. Histologically, the umbilical cord is composed of three blood vessels: two arteries and one vein, integrated in a mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly) upholstered by a layer of amniotic coating. Vascular alterations in the umbilical cord or damage in this tissue because of other vascular disorders during pregnancy are worryingly related with detrimental maternofoetal consequences. In the present work, we will describe the main vascular alterations presented in the umbilical cord, both in the arteries (Single umbilical artery, hypoplastic umbilical artery or aneurysms in umbilical arteries) and the vein (Vascular thrombosis, aneurysms or varicose veins in the umbilical vein), together with other possible complications (Velamentous insertion, vasa praevia, hypercoiled or hypocoiled cord, angiomyxoma and haematomas). Likewise, the effect of the main obstetric vascular disorders like hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (specially pre-eclampsia) and chronic venous disease on the umbilical cord will also be summarized herein. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:07:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96e39fdc13074f82acf784df1842efae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:07:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-96e39fdc13074f82acf784df1842efae2023-11-24T16:32:08ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442022-11-015812175410.3390/medicina58121754Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical CordLara Sánchez-Trujillo0Cielo García-Montero1Oscar Fraile-Martinez2Luis G. Guijarro3Coral Bravo4Juan A. De Leon-Luis5Jose V. Saez6Julia Bujan7Melchor Alvarez-Mon8Natalio García-Honduvilla9Miguel A. Saez10Miguel A. Ortega11Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainRamón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainThe umbilical cord is a critical anatomical structure connecting the placenta with the foetus, fulfilling multiple functions during pregnancy and hence influencing foetal development, programming and survival. Histologically, the umbilical cord is composed of three blood vessels: two arteries and one vein, integrated in a mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly) upholstered by a layer of amniotic coating. Vascular alterations in the umbilical cord or damage in this tissue because of other vascular disorders during pregnancy are worryingly related with detrimental maternofoetal consequences. In the present work, we will describe the main vascular alterations presented in the umbilical cord, both in the arteries (Single umbilical artery, hypoplastic umbilical artery or aneurysms in umbilical arteries) and the vein (Vascular thrombosis, aneurysms or varicose veins in the umbilical vein), together with other possible complications (Velamentous insertion, vasa praevia, hypercoiled or hypocoiled cord, angiomyxoma and haematomas). Likewise, the effect of the main obstetric vascular disorders like hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (specially pre-eclampsia) and chronic venous disease on the umbilical cord will also be summarized herein.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1754umbilical cordvascular malperfusionpre-eclampsiachronic venous disease |
| spellingShingle | Lara Sánchez-Trujillo Cielo García-Montero Oscar Fraile-Martinez Luis G. Guijarro Coral Bravo Juan A. De Leon-Luis Jose V. Saez Julia Bujan Melchor Alvarez-Mon Natalio García-Honduvilla Miguel A. Saez Miguel A. Ortega Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord Medicina umbilical cord vascular malperfusion pre-eclampsia chronic venous disease |
| title | Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord |
| title_full | Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord |
| title_fullStr | Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord |
| title_full_unstemmed | Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord |
| title_short | Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord |
| title_sort | considering the effects and maternofoetal implications of vascular disorders and the umbilical cord |
| topic | umbilical cord vascular malperfusion pre-eclampsia chronic venous disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1754 |
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