Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires
Galfenol (Fe1−xGax, 10 < x < 40) may be the only smart material that can be made by electrochemical deposition which enables thick film and nanowire structures. This article reviews the deposition, characterization, and applications of Galfenol thin films and nanowires. Galfe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2643 |
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| author | Bethanie J. H. Stadler Madhukar Reddy Rajneeta Basantkumar Patrick McGary Eliot Estrine Xiaobo Huang Sang Yeob Sung Liwen Tan Jia Zou Mazin Maqableh Daniel Shore Thomas Gage Joseph Um Matthew Hein Anirudh Sharma |
| author_facet | Bethanie J. H. Stadler Madhukar Reddy Rajneeta Basantkumar Patrick McGary Eliot Estrine Xiaobo Huang Sang Yeob Sung Liwen Tan Jia Zou Mazin Maqableh Daniel Shore Thomas Gage Joseph Um Matthew Hein Anirudh Sharma |
| author_sort | Bethanie J. H. Stadler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Galfenol (Fe1−xGax, 10 < x < 40) may be the only smart material that can be made by electrochemical deposition which enables thick film and nanowire structures. This article reviews the deposition, characterization, and applications of Galfenol thin films and nanowires. Galfenol films have been made by sputter deposition as well as by electrochemical deposition, which can be difficult due to the insolubility of gallium. However, a stable process has been developed, using citrate complexing, a rotating disk electrode, Cu seed layers, and pulsed deposition. Galfenol thin films and nanowires have been characterized for crystal structures and magnetostriction both by our group and by collaborators. Films and nanowires have been shown to be largely polycrystalline, with magnetostrictions that are on the same order of magnitude as textured bulk Galfenol. Electrodeposited Galfenol films were made with epitaxial texture on GaAs. Galfenol nanowires have been made by electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide templates using similar parameters defined for films. Segmented nanowires of Galfenol/Cu have been made to provide engineered magnetic properties. Applications of Galfenol and other magnetic nanowires include microfluidic sensors, magnetic separation, cellular radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, and hyperthermia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:34:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96f6029258cd4094b597fbd0cb0bc950 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:34:10Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-96f6029258cd4094b597fbd0cb0bc9502022-12-22T02:22:26ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-08-01188264310.3390/s18082643s18082643Galfenol Thin Films and NanowiresBethanie J. H. Stadler0Madhukar Reddy1Rajneeta Basantkumar2Patrick McGary3Eliot Estrine4Xiaobo Huang5Sang Yeob Sung6Liwen Tan7Jia Zou8Mazin Maqableh9Daniel Shore10Thomas Gage11Joseph Um12Matthew Hein13Anirudh Sharma14Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAChemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAChemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAChemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAChemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAGalfenol (Fe1−xGax, 10 < x < 40) may be the only smart material that can be made by electrochemical deposition which enables thick film and nanowire structures. This article reviews the deposition, characterization, and applications of Galfenol thin films and nanowires. Galfenol films have been made by sputter deposition as well as by electrochemical deposition, which can be difficult due to the insolubility of gallium. However, a stable process has been developed, using citrate complexing, a rotating disk electrode, Cu seed layers, and pulsed deposition. Galfenol thin films and nanowires have been characterized for crystal structures and magnetostriction both by our group and by collaborators. Films and nanowires have been shown to be largely polycrystalline, with magnetostrictions that are on the same order of magnitude as textured bulk Galfenol. Electrodeposited Galfenol films were made with epitaxial texture on GaAs. Galfenol nanowires have been made by electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide templates using similar parameters defined for films. Segmented nanowires of Galfenol/Cu have been made to provide engineered magnetic properties. Applications of Galfenol and other magnetic nanowires include microfluidic sensors, magnetic separation, cellular radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, and hyperthermia.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2643Galfenolmagnetic nanowireselectrochemical deposition |
| spellingShingle | Bethanie J. H. Stadler Madhukar Reddy Rajneeta Basantkumar Patrick McGary Eliot Estrine Xiaobo Huang Sang Yeob Sung Liwen Tan Jia Zou Mazin Maqableh Daniel Shore Thomas Gage Joseph Um Matthew Hein Anirudh Sharma Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires Sensors Galfenol magnetic nanowires electrochemical deposition |
| title | Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires |
| title_full | Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires |
| title_fullStr | Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires |
| title_full_unstemmed | Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires |
| title_short | Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires |
| title_sort | galfenol thin films and nanowires |
| topic | Galfenol magnetic nanowires electrochemical deposition |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2643 |
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