<italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack
ABSTRACT A diverse set of prophage-mediated mechanisms protecting bacterial hosts from infection has been recently uncovered within cluster N mycobacteriophages isolated on the host, Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. In that context, we unveil a novel defense mechanism in cluster N prophage Butters. B...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Society for Microbiology
2020-10-01
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| Series: | mSystems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00534-20 |
| _version_ | 1818722245395087360 |
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| author | Catherine M. Mageeney Hamidu T. Mohammed Marta Dies Samira Anbari Netta Cudkevich Yanyan Chen Javier Buceta Vassie C. Ware |
| author_facet | Catherine M. Mageeney Hamidu T. Mohammed Marta Dies Samira Anbari Netta Cudkevich Yanyan Chen Javier Buceta Vassie C. Ware |
| author_sort | Catherine M. Mageeney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT A diverse set of prophage-mediated mechanisms protecting bacterial hosts from infection has been recently uncovered within cluster N mycobacteriophages isolated on the host, Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. In that context, we unveil a novel defense mechanism in cluster N prophage Butters. By using bioinformatics analyses, phage plating efficiency experiments, microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we show that Butters genes located in the central region of the genome play a key role in the defense against heterotypic viral attack. Our study suggests that a two-component system, articulated by interactions between protein products of genes 30 and 31, confers defense against heterotypic phage infection by PurpleHaze (cluster A/subcluster A3) or Alma (cluster A/subcluster A9) but is insufficient to confer defense against attack by the heterotypic phage Island3 (cluster I/subcluster I1). Therefore, based on heterotypic phage plating efficiencies on the Butters lysogen, additional prophage genes required for defense are implicated and further show specificity of prophage-encoded defense systems. IMPORTANCE Many sequenced bacterial genomes, including those of pathogenic bacteria, contain prophages. Some prophages encode defense systems that protect their bacterial host against heterotypic viral attack. Understanding the mechanisms undergirding these defense systems is crucial to appreciate the scope of bacterial immunity against viral infections and will be critical for better implementation of phage therapy that would require evasion of these defenses. Furthermore, such knowledge of prophage-encoded defense mechanisms may be useful for developing novel genetic tools for engineering phage-resistant bacteria of industrial importance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:51:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96f8b51550b148b989898ba60538a958 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2379-5077 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:51:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mSystems |
| spelling | doaj.art-96f8b51550b148b989898ba60538a9582022-12-21T21:33:01ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSystems2379-50772020-10-015510.1128/mSystems.00534-20<italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral AttackCatherine M. Mageeney0Hamidu T. Mohammed1Marta Dies2Samira Anbari3Netta Cudkevich4Yanyan Chen5Javier Buceta6Vassie C. Ware7Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USAABSTRACT A diverse set of prophage-mediated mechanisms protecting bacterial hosts from infection has been recently uncovered within cluster N mycobacteriophages isolated on the host, Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. In that context, we unveil a novel defense mechanism in cluster N prophage Butters. By using bioinformatics analyses, phage plating efficiency experiments, microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we show that Butters genes located in the central region of the genome play a key role in the defense against heterotypic viral attack. Our study suggests that a two-component system, articulated by interactions between protein products of genes 30 and 31, confers defense against heterotypic phage infection by PurpleHaze (cluster A/subcluster A3) or Alma (cluster A/subcluster A9) but is insufficient to confer defense against attack by the heterotypic phage Island3 (cluster I/subcluster I1). Therefore, based on heterotypic phage plating efficiencies on the Butters lysogen, additional prophage genes required for defense are implicated and further show specificity of prophage-encoded defense systems. IMPORTANCE Many sequenced bacterial genomes, including those of pathogenic bacteria, contain prophages. Some prophages encode defense systems that protect their bacterial host against heterotypic viral attack. Understanding the mechanisms undergirding these defense systems is crucial to appreciate the scope of bacterial immunity against viral infections and will be critical for better implementation of phage therapy that would require evasion of these defenses. Furthermore, such knowledge of prophage-encoded defense mechanisms may be useful for developing novel genetic tools for engineering phage-resistant bacteria of industrial importance.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00534-20Mycobacteriumdefense mechanismsmycobacteriophageprophageviral defense |
| spellingShingle | Catherine M. Mageeney Hamidu T. Mohammed Marta Dies Samira Anbari Netta Cudkevich Yanyan Chen Javier Buceta Vassie C. Ware <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack mSystems Mycobacterium defense mechanisms mycobacteriophage prophage viral defense |
| title | <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack |
| title_full | <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack |
| title_fullStr | <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack |
| title_full_unstemmed | <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack |
| title_short | <italic toggle="yes">Mycobacterium</italic> Phage Butters-Encoded Proteins Contribute to Host Defense against Viral Attack |
| title_sort | italic toggle yes mycobacterium italic phage butters encoded proteins contribute to host defense against viral attack |
| topic | Mycobacterium defense mechanisms mycobacteriophage prophage viral defense |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00534-20 |
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