Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats
Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide. <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-nitroguanidine (MNNG) is one of the most important inducing factors of gastric cancer. Autophagy can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, but the mech...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5281 |
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| author | Zhaofeng Liang Jiajia Song Yumeng Xu Xinyi Zhang Yue Zhang Hui Qian |
| author_facet | Zhaofeng Liang Jiajia Song Yumeng Xu Xinyi Zhang Yue Zhang Hui Qian |
| author_sort | Zhaofeng Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide. <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-nitroguanidine (MNNG) is one of the most important inducing factors of gastric cancer. Autophagy can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, but the mechanism is not clear. Chemoprevention has been shown to be a rational and very promising approach to the prevention of gastric cancer. Hesperidin is a citrus flavone, an abundant polyphenol in citrus fruits and traditional Chinese medicine. It has an excellent phytochemistry that plays an intervention role in gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether long-term exposure to MNNG will affect the occurrence of gastric cancer by regulating autophagy and whether hesperidin can play an intervention role in this process. In the present study, we demonstrated that long-term MNNG exposure inhibits autophagy in stomach tissues of rats, promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cell proliferation and suppresses the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We further found that after rapamycin-activated autophagy, long-term MNNG exposure promoted cell proliferation and EMT were inhibited. In addition, hesperidin promotes autophagy and the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway, as well as the suppression of proliferation and EMT in the stomach tissues of rats. Our findings indicate that hesperidin reverses MNNG-induced gastric cancer by activating autophagy and the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a new basis for the early prevention and treatment of MNNG-induced gastric cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:00:30Z |
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| id | doaj.art-96fd695d53de4dfa909731d8f1879634 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:00:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-96fd695d53de4dfa909731d8f18796342023-11-24T17:08:36ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-12-011424528110.3390/nu14245281Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of RatsZhaofeng Liang0Jiajia Song1Yumeng Xu2Xinyi Zhang3Yue Zhang4Hui Qian5Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaWujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, ChinaGastric cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide. <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-nitroguanidine (MNNG) is one of the most important inducing factors of gastric cancer. Autophagy can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, but the mechanism is not clear. Chemoprevention has been shown to be a rational and very promising approach to the prevention of gastric cancer. Hesperidin is a citrus flavone, an abundant polyphenol in citrus fruits and traditional Chinese medicine. It has an excellent phytochemistry that plays an intervention role in gastric cancer. However, it is unclear whether long-term exposure to MNNG will affect the occurrence of gastric cancer by regulating autophagy and whether hesperidin can play an intervention role in this process. In the present study, we demonstrated that long-term MNNG exposure inhibits autophagy in stomach tissues of rats, promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cell proliferation and suppresses the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We further found that after rapamycin-activated autophagy, long-term MNNG exposure promoted cell proliferation and EMT were inhibited. In addition, hesperidin promotes autophagy and the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway, as well as the suppression of proliferation and EMT in the stomach tissues of rats. Our findings indicate that hesperidin reverses MNNG-induced gastric cancer by activating autophagy and the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a new basis for the early prevention and treatment of MNNG-induced gastric cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5281gastric cancerMNNGhesperidinautophagyPI3K/AKT |
| spellingShingle | Zhaofeng Liang Jiajia Song Yumeng Xu Xinyi Zhang Yue Zhang Hui Qian Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats Nutrients gastric cancer MNNG hesperidin autophagy PI3K/AKT |
| title | Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats |
| title_full | Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats |
| title_fullStr | Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats |
| title_short | Hesperidin Reversed Long-Term <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-Nitroguanidine Exposure Induced EMT and Cell Proliferation by Activating Autophagy in Gastric Tissues of Rats |
| title_sort | hesperidin reversed long term i n i methyl i n i nitro i n i nitroguanidine exposure induced emt and cell proliferation by activating autophagy in gastric tissues of rats |
| topic | gastric cancer MNNG hesperidin autophagy PI3K/AKT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/24/5281 |
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