Towards a Miniaturized Photoacoustic Detector for the Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> and Refrigerants

Sulfuryl fluoride (SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) is a toxic and potent greenhouse gas that is currently widely used as a fumigant insecticide in houses, food, and shipping containers. Though it poses a major hazard to humans, its detection is still carried out manually and onl...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hassan Yassine, Christian Weber, Nicolas Brugger, Jürgen Wöllenstein, Katrin Schmitt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-12-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/180
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Summary:Sulfuryl fluoride (SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) is a toxic and potent greenhouse gas that is currently widely used as a fumigant insecticide in houses, food, and shipping containers. Though it poses a major hazard to humans, its detection is still carried out manually and only on a random basis. In this paper, we present a two-chamber photoacoustic approach for continuous SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> sensing. Because of the high toxicity of SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>, the concept is to use a non-toxic substituent gas with similar absorption characteristics in the photoacoustic detector chamber, i.e., to measure SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> indirectly. The refrigerants R227ea, R125, R134a, and propene were identified as possible substituents using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The resulting infrared spectra were used to simulate the sensitivity of the substituents of a photoacoustic sensor to SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> in different concentration ranges and at different optical path lengths. The simulations showed that R227ea has the highest sensitivity to SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> among the substituents and is therefore a promising substituent detector gas. Simulations concerning the possible cross-sensitivity of the photoacoustic detectors to H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> were also performed. These results are the first step towards the development of a miniaturized, sensitive, and cost-effective photoacoustic sensor system for SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>.
ISSN:1424-8220