Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens
A Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) was exposed to different concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) for 8 h, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, lipopolysaccharide content detection, analysis of fatty acids, calcein release test,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.949590/full |
| _version_ | 1818000148091895808 |
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| author | Wenjing Chen Wenjing Chen Wenjing Chen Ruxin Guo Ruxin Guo Zhigang Wang Zhigang Wang Weihui Xu Weihui Xu Yunlong Hu Yunlong Hu |
| author_facet | Wenjing Chen Wenjing Chen Wenjing Chen Ruxin Guo Ruxin Guo Zhigang Wang Zhigang Wang Weihui Xu Weihui Xu Yunlong Hu Yunlong Hu |
| author_sort | Wenjing Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) was exposed to different concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) for 8 h, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, lipopolysaccharide content detection, analysis of fatty acids, calcein release test, proteomics, non-targeted metabolomics, and enzyme activity assays were used to evaluate the toxicological effect of DMP on P. fluorescens. The results showed that DMP exposure caused an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio and in the release of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from the cell outer membrane (OM) of P. fluorescens. Moreover, DMP regulated the abundances of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) of P. fluorescens and induced dye leakage from an artificial membrane. Additionally, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and changes in antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) activities, as well as the inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in P. fluorescens, which were induced by the DMP. In summary, DMP could disrupt the lipid asymmetry of the outer membrane, increase the fluidity of the cell membrane, and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane of P. fluorescens through lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and ion imbalance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:18:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97037e43e9e441a481ad45c513b7e08e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:18:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-97037e43e9e441a481ad45c513b7e08e2022-12-22T02:15:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-08-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.949590949590Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescensWenjing Chen0Wenjing Chen1Wenjing Chen2Ruxin Guo3Ruxin Guo4Zhigang Wang5Zhigang Wang6Weihui Xu7Weihui Xu8Yunlong Hu9Yunlong Hu10College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, ChinaCenter for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, ChinaA Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) was exposed to different concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg/L) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) for 8 h, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, lipopolysaccharide content detection, analysis of fatty acids, calcein release test, proteomics, non-targeted metabolomics, and enzyme activity assays were used to evaluate the toxicological effect of DMP on P. fluorescens. The results showed that DMP exposure caused an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio and in the release of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from the cell outer membrane (OM) of P. fluorescens. Moreover, DMP regulated the abundances of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) of P. fluorescens and induced dye leakage from an artificial membrane. Additionally, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and changes in antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) activities, as well as the inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in P. fluorescens, which were induced by the DMP. In summary, DMP could disrupt the lipid asymmetry of the outer membrane, increase the fluidity of the cell membrane, and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane of P. fluorescens through lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and ion imbalance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.949590/fulldimethyl phthalatePseudomonas fluorescenscell micro-interfaceoxidative stresstoxicological effect |
| spellingShingle | Wenjing Chen Wenjing Chen Wenjing Chen Ruxin Guo Ruxin Guo Zhigang Wang Zhigang Wang Weihui Xu Weihui Xu Yunlong Hu Yunlong Hu Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Frontiers in Microbiology dimethyl phthalate Pseudomonas fluorescens cell micro-interface oxidative stress toxicological effect |
| title | Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| title_full | Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| title_fullStr | Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| title_short | Dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of Pseudomonas fluorescens |
| title_sort | dimethyl phthalate destroys the cell membrane structural integrity of pseudomonas fluorescens |
| topic | dimethyl phthalate Pseudomonas fluorescens cell micro-interface oxidative stress toxicological effect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.949590/full |
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