Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors
New, high-coherent-flux X-ray beamlines at synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources rely on wavefront sensors to achieve and maintain optimal alignment under dynamic operating conditions. This includes feedback to adaptive X-ray optics. We describe the design and modeling of a new class of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/536 |
| _version_ | 1797412041167732736 |
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| author | Kenneth A. Goldberg Antoine Wojdyla Diane Bryant |
| author_facet | Kenneth A. Goldberg Antoine Wojdyla Diane Bryant |
| author_sort | Kenneth A. Goldberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New, high-coherent-flux X-ray beamlines at synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources rely on wavefront sensors to achieve and maintain optimal alignment under dynamic operating conditions. This includes feedback to adaptive X-ray optics. We describe the design and modeling of a new class of binary-amplitude reflective gratings for shearing interferometry and Hartmann wavefront sensing. Compact arrays of deeply etched gratings illuminated at glancing incidence can withstand higher power densities than transmission membranes and can be designed to operate across a broad range of photon energies with a fixed grating-to-detector distance. Coherent wave-propagation is used to study the energy bandwidth of individual elements in an array and to set the design parameters. We observe that shearing operates well over a ±10% bandwidth, while Hartmann can be extended to ±30% or more, in our configuration. We apply this methodology to the design of a wavefront sensor for a soft X-ray beamline operating from 230 eV to 1400 eV and model shearing and Hartmann tests in the presence of varying wavefront aberration types and magnitudes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:55:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-970ac11dc6a44fb6bcc2e87b49dd952a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:55:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-970ac11dc6a44fb6bcc2e87b49dd952a2023-12-03T13:06:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-01-0121253610.3390/s21020536Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront SensorsKenneth A. Goldberg0Antoine Wojdyla1Diane Bryant2Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAdvanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USANew, high-coherent-flux X-ray beamlines at synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources rely on wavefront sensors to achieve and maintain optimal alignment under dynamic operating conditions. This includes feedback to adaptive X-ray optics. We describe the design and modeling of a new class of binary-amplitude reflective gratings for shearing interferometry and Hartmann wavefront sensing. Compact arrays of deeply etched gratings illuminated at glancing incidence can withstand higher power densities than transmission membranes and can be designed to operate across a broad range of photon energies with a fixed grating-to-detector distance. Coherent wave-propagation is used to study the energy bandwidth of individual elements in an array and to set the design parameters. We observe that shearing operates well over a ±10% bandwidth, while Hartmann can be extended to ±30% or more, in our configuration. We apply this methodology to the design of a wavefront sensor for a soft X-ray beamline operating from 230 eV to 1400 eV and model shearing and Hartmann tests in the presence of varying wavefront aberration types and magnitudes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/536X-raywavefrontshearingHartmannTalbotgrating |
| spellingShingle | Kenneth A. Goldberg Antoine Wojdyla Diane Bryant Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors Sensors X-ray wavefront shearing Hartmann Talbot grating |
| title | Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors |
| title_full | Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors |
| title_short | Binary Amplitude Reflection Gratings for X-ray Shearing and Hartmann Wavefront Sensors |
| title_sort | binary amplitude reflection gratings for x ray shearing and hartmann wavefront sensors |
| topic | X-ray wavefront shearing Hartmann Talbot grating |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/536 |
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