Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines
In this paper we provide insight into the thermophysical properties and the dynamics of cryogenic jets. The motivation of the work is to optimise the use of cryogenic fluids in novel ultra low emission engines. For demonstration, we use conditions relevant to an internal combustion engine currently...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3038 |
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| author | Jaya Madana Gopal Giovanni Tretola Robert Morgan Guillaume de Sercey Andrew Atkins Konstantina Vogiatzaki |
| author_facet | Jaya Madana Gopal Giovanni Tretola Robert Morgan Guillaume de Sercey Andrew Atkins Konstantina Vogiatzaki |
| author_sort | Jaya Madana Gopal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper we provide insight into the thermophysical properties and the dynamics of cryogenic jets. The motivation of the work is to optimise the use of cryogenic fluids in novel ultra low emission engines. For demonstration, we use conditions relevant to an internal combustion engine currently being developed by Dolphin N2 and the University of Brighton, the CryoPower recuperated split cycle engine (RSCE). The principle of this engine is a split-cycle combustion concept which can use cryogenic injection in the compression cylinder to achieve isothermal compression and thus help maximise the efficiency of the engine. Combined experimental and numerical findings are presented and the effects of atomisation dynamics of the LN<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> are explored at both sub- and supercritical conditions in order to cover different pressure and temperature conditions representative of the engine compression cycle. For subcritical regimes, we observe that the appearance of the jet coincides with the predicted atomisation regimes based on the Weber, Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for other common fluids. For the modelling of supercritical jets, a new methodology within OpenFoam which accounts for Real Fluid Thermodynamics has been developed and the jet behaviour under various pressure and temperature conditions has been investigated. To our knowledge this is the first study where a cryogenic spray process evolution is examined for conditions relevant to the ones prevailing in a compression chamber accounting for both sub and supercritical conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:14:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-970d0c14c9ac4a26b1cdc9cd6d5346da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:14:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-970d0c14c9ac4a26b1cdc9cd6d5346da2023-11-20T03:35:20ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-06-011312303810.3390/en13123038Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission EnginesJaya Madana Gopal0Giovanni Tretola1Robert Morgan2Guillaume de Sercey3Andrew Atkins4Konstantina Vogiatzaki5Advanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UKAdvanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UKAdvanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UKAdvanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UKRicardo Innovations, Shoreham Technical Centre, Shoreham-by-Sea BN43 5FG, UKAdvanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UKIn this paper we provide insight into the thermophysical properties and the dynamics of cryogenic jets. The motivation of the work is to optimise the use of cryogenic fluids in novel ultra low emission engines. For demonstration, we use conditions relevant to an internal combustion engine currently being developed by Dolphin N2 and the University of Brighton, the CryoPower recuperated split cycle engine (RSCE). The principle of this engine is a split-cycle combustion concept which can use cryogenic injection in the compression cylinder to achieve isothermal compression and thus help maximise the efficiency of the engine. Combined experimental and numerical findings are presented and the effects of atomisation dynamics of the LN<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> are explored at both sub- and supercritical conditions in order to cover different pressure and temperature conditions representative of the engine compression cycle. For subcritical regimes, we observe that the appearance of the jet coincides with the predicted atomisation regimes based on the Weber, Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for other common fluids. For the modelling of supercritical jets, a new methodology within OpenFoam which accounts for Real Fluid Thermodynamics has been developed and the jet behaviour under various pressure and temperature conditions has been investigated. To our knowledge this is the first study where a cryogenic spray process evolution is examined for conditions relevant to the ones prevailing in a compression chamber accounting for both sub and supercritical conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3038cryogenic injection and mixingliquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>)advanced internal combustion enginessupercriticalreal fluids thermodynamics |
| spellingShingle | Jaya Madana Gopal Giovanni Tretola Robert Morgan Guillaume de Sercey Andrew Atkins Konstantina Vogiatzaki Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines Energies cryogenic injection and mixing liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) advanced internal combustion engines supercritical real fluids thermodynamics |
| title | Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines |
| title_full | Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines |
| title_short | Understanding Sub and Supercritical Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics in Conditions Relevant to Novel Ultra Low Emission Engines |
| title_sort | understanding sub and supercritical cryogenic fluid dynamics in conditions relevant to novel ultra low emission engines |
| topic | cryogenic injection and mixing liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) advanced internal combustion engines supercritical real fluids thermodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/12/3038 |
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