Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019
Abstract Background The global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to bivalent OPV in April 2016 without corresponding co-administration of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) until June 2018, created a cohort of poliovirus type 2 naïve children with risk of developing vaccine-deriv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Archives of Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-01021-y |
| _version_ | 1797958819353985024 |
|---|---|
| author | Donne Kofi Ameme Yaw Ofori Yeboah John Kofi Odoom Senanu Kwesi Djokoto Ernest Akyereko Abdulaziz Mamudu Mukaila Diwura William Opare Patrick Avevor Stanley Diamenu Sally-Ann Ohene Ernest Kenu Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe |
| author_facet | Donne Kofi Ameme Yaw Ofori Yeboah John Kofi Odoom Senanu Kwesi Djokoto Ernest Akyereko Abdulaziz Mamudu Mukaila Diwura William Opare Patrick Avevor Stanley Diamenu Sally-Ann Ohene Ernest Kenu Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe |
| author_sort | Donne Kofi Ameme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to bivalent OPV in April 2016 without corresponding co-administration of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) until June 2018, created a cohort of poliovirus type 2 naïve children with risk of developing vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2). In November and December 2019, two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) were confirmed in quick succession through Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. We investigated to determine the outbreak extent, identify risk factors and implement control and preventive measures. Methods We interviewed case-patients’ families, abstracted immunization records, assessed AFP surveillance and conducted rapid OPV and IPV vaccination coverage surveys. Using AFP case definition of any child less than 15 years in the community with sudden onset of paralysis from July to November 2019 (in case-patient 1’s district) and August to December 2019 (in case-patient 2’s district), we conducted active case search. Stool samples from apparently healthy children and close contacts of the case-patients were collected and tested for poliovirus. We conducted environmental assessment of the community to identify potential risk factors. Results Case-patient 1 was an eight-year-old female who had taken two doses of OPV while case-patient 2 was an eight-month-old male who had taken three out of required four OPV doses in addition to IPV at seven months. Families of both case-patients had either travelled to or received visitors from areas with confirmed cVDPV2. Of all children surveyed, eight (29.6%) of 27 and three (18.8%) of 16 eligible children in communities of case-patient 1 and 2 respectively had received required four doses of OPV. No AFP case was found in both communities and surrounding settlements. Both communities had no source of potable water and toilet facilities. A stool sample from a contact of case-patient 1 tested positive for cVDPV2. Conclusion Outbreaks of cVDPV2 occurred in insanitary, under-vaccinated nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. Three rounds of monovalent OPV vaccination campaigns for children under 5 years of age in the districts and region as well as countrywide IPV vaccination campaign for poliovirus type 2 naïve cohort were conducted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:24:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-970d873206b74624bbc76ff41617c75b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2049-3258 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:24:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-970d873206b74624bbc76ff41617c75b2023-01-08T12:05:33ZengBMCArchives of Public Health2049-32582023-01-0181111210.1186/s13690-022-01021-yResponse to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019Donne Kofi Ameme0Yaw Ofori Yeboah1John Kofi Odoom2Senanu Kwesi Djokoto3Ernest Akyereko4Abdulaziz Mamudu5Mukaila Diwura6William Opare7Patrick Avevor8Stanley Diamenu9Sally-Ann Ohene10Ernest Kenu11Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe12Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, University of Ghana School of Public HealthVolta Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health ServiceNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchVolta Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health ServicePublic Health Division, Ghana Health ServiceNkwanta North District Health Directorate, Ghana Health ServiceKrachi-Nchumuru District Health Directorate, Ghana Health ServiceExpanded Programme on Immnunization, Ghana Health ServiceWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationGhana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, University of Ghana School of Public HealthPublic Health Division, Ghana Health ServiceAbstract Background The global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to bivalent OPV in April 2016 without corresponding co-administration of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) until June 2018, created a cohort of poliovirus type 2 naïve children with risk of developing vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2). In November and December 2019, two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) were confirmed in quick succession through Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. We investigated to determine the outbreak extent, identify risk factors and implement control and preventive measures. Methods We interviewed case-patients’ families, abstracted immunization records, assessed AFP surveillance and conducted rapid OPV and IPV vaccination coverage surveys. Using AFP case definition of any child less than 15 years in the community with sudden onset of paralysis from July to November 2019 (in case-patient 1’s district) and August to December 2019 (in case-patient 2’s district), we conducted active case search. Stool samples from apparently healthy children and close contacts of the case-patients were collected and tested for poliovirus. We conducted environmental assessment of the community to identify potential risk factors. Results Case-patient 1 was an eight-year-old female who had taken two doses of OPV while case-patient 2 was an eight-month-old male who had taken three out of required four OPV doses in addition to IPV at seven months. Families of both case-patients had either travelled to or received visitors from areas with confirmed cVDPV2. Of all children surveyed, eight (29.6%) of 27 and three (18.8%) of 16 eligible children in communities of case-patient 1 and 2 respectively had received required four doses of OPV. No AFP case was found in both communities and surrounding settlements. Both communities had no source of potable water and toilet facilities. A stool sample from a contact of case-patient 1 tested positive for cVDPV2. Conclusion Outbreaks of cVDPV2 occurred in insanitary, under-vaccinated nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region. Three rounds of monovalent OPV vaccination campaigns for children under 5 years of age in the districts and region as well as countrywide IPV vaccination campaign for poliovirus type 2 naïve cohort were conducted.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-01021-yPoliovirusVaccine-derivedCirculatingOutbreakVaccinationPastoralist |
| spellingShingle | Donne Kofi Ameme Yaw Ofori Yeboah John Kofi Odoom Senanu Kwesi Djokoto Ernest Akyereko Abdulaziz Mamudu Mukaila Diwura William Opare Patrick Avevor Stanley Diamenu Sally-Ann Ohene Ernest Kenu Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019 Archives of Public Health Poliovirus Vaccine-derived Circulating Outbreak Vaccination Pastoralist |
| title | Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019 |
| title_full | Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019 |
| title_fullStr | Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019 |
| title_short | Response to back-to-back outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in Oti Region, Ghana-2019 |
| title_sort | response to back to back outbreaks of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 in two nomadic pastoralist settlements in oti region ghana 2019 |
| topic | Poliovirus Vaccine-derived Circulating Outbreak Vaccination Pastoralist |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-01021-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT donnekofiameme responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT yawoforiyeboah responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT johnkofiodoom responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT senanukwesidjokoto responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT ernestakyereko responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT abdulazizmamudu responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT mukailadiwura responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT williamopare responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT patrickavevor responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT stanleydiamenu responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT sallyannohene responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT ernestkenu responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 AT franklinasiedubekoe responsetobacktobackoutbreaksofcirculatingvaccinederivedpoliovirustype2intwonomadicpastoralistsettlementsinotiregionghana2019 |