Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub>
In the current investigation, carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized from peanut shells (PSs) and rice straw (RS) using ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activation and concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation. These catalysts were then employed for the hydration of pinene to produce terpineol....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/11/1436 |
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| author | Yao Wu Hao Zhang Zhaozhou Wei Deyuan Xiong Songbai Bai Menglong Tong Pengcheng Ma |
| author_facet | Yao Wu Hao Zhang Zhaozhou Wei Deyuan Xiong Songbai Bai Menglong Tong Pengcheng Ma |
| author_sort | Yao Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current investigation, carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized from peanut shells (PSs) and rice straw (RS) using ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activation and concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation. These catalysts were then employed for the hydration of pinene to produce terpineol. The research findings suggest that the natural porous structure of RS is more amenable to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activation compared to PSs. Furthermore, the catalysts prepared from fully activated RS by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> (RSA-C-S) had a higher S<sub>BET</sub> and higher density of oxygen-containing groups (–COOH) in comparison with unactivated RS-based solid acids (RSC-S). The characterization outcomes revealed that RSA-C-S possesses a specific surface area of 527.0 m<sup>2</sup>/g, significantly outperforming RSC-S, which has a surface area of 420.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Additionally, RSA-C-S registered a higher –COOH density of 1.37 mmol/g, as opposed to RSC-S’s, with 1.07 mmol/g, attributable to the partial oxidation of internal –OH groups during activation. Experimental data from hydration tests confirmed that the catalyst’s superior performance is largely attributed to its elevated specific surface area and a high density of –COOH functional groups. Under optimal reaction parameters, RSA-C-S demonstrated unparalleled catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of α-terpineol via hydration of α-pinene, achieving conversion and selectivity rates of 87.15% and 54.19%, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:56:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97104590918c4b4c9dfa9e02174e85d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:56:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-97104590918c4b4c9dfa9e02174e85d42023-11-24T14:35:03ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-11-011311143610.3390/catal13111436Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub>Yao Wu0Hao Zhang1Zhaozhou Wei2Deyuan Xiong3Songbai Bai4Menglong Tong5Pengcheng Ma6College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaCollege of Foreign Languages, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaIn the current investigation, carbon-based solid acid catalysts were synthesized from peanut shells (PSs) and rice straw (RS) using ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activation and concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation. These catalysts were then employed for the hydration of pinene to produce terpineol. The research findings suggest that the natural porous structure of RS is more amenable to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activation compared to PSs. Furthermore, the catalysts prepared from fully activated RS by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> (RSA-C-S) had a higher S<sub>BET</sub> and higher density of oxygen-containing groups (–COOH) in comparison with unactivated RS-based solid acids (RSC-S). The characterization outcomes revealed that RSA-C-S possesses a specific surface area of 527.0 m<sup>2</sup>/g, significantly outperforming RSC-S, which has a surface area of 420.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Additionally, RSA-C-S registered a higher –COOH density of 1.37 mmol/g, as opposed to RSC-S’s, with 1.07 mmol/g, attributable to the partial oxidation of internal –OH groups during activation. Experimental data from hydration tests confirmed that the catalyst’s superior performance is largely attributed to its elevated specific surface area and a high density of –COOH functional groups. Under optimal reaction parameters, RSA-C-S demonstrated unparalleled catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of α-terpineol via hydration of α-pinene, achieving conversion and selectivity rates of 87.15% and 54.19%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/11/1436solid acid catalystbiomassrice strawchemical activation |
| spellingShingle | Yao Wu Hao Zhang Zhaozhou Wei Deyuan Xiong Songbai Bai Menglong Tong Pengcheng Ma Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> Catalysts solid acid catalyst biomass rice straw chemical activation |
| title | Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full | Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> |
| title_short | Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub> |
| title_sort | structure and catalytic performance of carbon based solid acids from biomass activated by zncl sub 2 sub |
| topic | solid acid catalyst biomass rice straw chemical activation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/11/1436 |
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