Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides
Satellite altimetry observations have provided a significant contribution to the understanding of global sea surface processes, particularly allowing for advances in the accuracy of ocean tide estimations. Currently, almost three decades of satellite altimetry are available which can be used to impr...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3310 |
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| author | Michael G. Hart-Davis Denise Dettmering Roman Sulzbach Maik Thomas Christian Schwatke Florian Seitz |
| author_facet | Michael G. Hart-Davis Denise Dettmering Roman Sulzbach Maik Thomas Christian Schwatke Florian Seitz |
| author_sort | Michael G. Hart-Davis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Satellite altimetry observations have provided a significant contribution to the understanding of global sea surface processes, particularly allowing for advances in the accuracy of ocean tide estimations. Currently, almost three decades of satellite altimetry are available which can be used to improve the understanding of ocean tides by allowing for the estimation of an increased number of minor tidal constituents. As ocean tide models continue to improve, especially in the coastal region, these minor tides become increasingly important. Generally, admittance theory is used by most global ocean tide models to infer several minor tides from the major tides when creating the tidal correction for satellite altimetry. In this paper, regional studies are conducted to compare the use of admittance theory to direct estimations of minor tides from the EOT20 model to identify which minor tides should be directly estimated and which should be inferred. The results of these two approaches are compared to two global tide models (TiME and FES2014) and in situ tide gauge observations. The analysis showed that of the eight tidal constituents studied, half should be inferred (2N2, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϵ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, MSF and T2), while the remaining four tides (J1, L2, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>μ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ν</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) should be directly estimated to optimise the ocean tidal correction. Furthermore, for certain minor tides, the other two tide models produced better results than the EOT model, suggesting that improvements can be made to the tidal correction made by EOT when incorporating tides from the two other tide models. Following on from this, a new approach of merging tidal constituents from different tide models to produce the ocean tidal correction for satellite altimetry that benefits from the strengths of the respective models is presented. This analysis showed that the tidal correction created based on the recommendations of the tide gauge analysis provided the highest reduction of sea-level variance. Additionally, the combination of the EOT20 model with the minor tides of the TiME and FES2014 model did not significantly increase the sea-level variance. As several additional minor tidal constituents are available from the TiME model, this opens the door for further investigations into including these minor tides and optimising the tidal correction for improved studies of the sea surface from satellite altimetry and in other applications, such as gravity field modelling. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-971100186cbc4dfdb7127539c120b6a12023-11-22T09:35:34ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-08-011316331010.3390/rs13163310Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean TidesMichael G. Hart-Davis0Denise Dettmering1Roman Sulzbach2Maik Thomas3Christian Schwatke4Florian Seitz5Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM), Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 München, GermanyDeutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM), Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 München, GermanyDeutsches Geoforschungszentrum (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, GermanyDeutsches Geoforschungszentrum (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, GermanyDeutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM), Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 München, GermanyDeutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM), Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 München, GermanySatellite altimetry observations have provided a significant contribution to the understanding of global sea surface processes, particularly allowing for advances in the accuracy of ocean tide estimations. Currently, almost three decades of satellite altimetry are available which can be used to improve the understanding of ocean tides by allowing for the estimation of an increased number of minor tidal constituents. As ocean tide models continue to improve, especially in the coastal region, these minor tides become increasingly important. Generally, admittance theory is used by most global ocean tide models to infer several minor tides from the major tides when creating the tidal correction for satellite altimetry. In this paper, regional studies are conducted to compare the use of admittance theory to direct estimations of minor tides from the EOT20 model to identify which minor tides should be directly estimated and which should be inferred. The results of these two approaches are compared to two global tide models (TiME and FES2014) and in situ tide gauge observations. The analysis showed that of the eight tidal constituents studied, half should be inferred (2N2, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ϵ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, MSF and T2), while the remaining four tides (J1, L2, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>μ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>ν</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) should be directly estimated to optimise the ocean tidal correction. Furthermore, for certain minor tides, the other two tide models produced better results than the EOT model, suggesting that improvements can be made to the tidal correction made by EOT when incorporating tides from the two other tide models. Following on from this, a new approach of merging tidal constituents from different tide models to produce the ocean tidal correction for satellite altimetry that benefits from the strengths of the respective models is presented. This analysis showed that the tidal correction created based on the recommendations of the tide gauge analysis provided the highest reduction of sea-level variance. Additionally, the combination of the EOT20 model with the minor tides of the TiME and FES2014 model did not significantly increase the sea-level variance. As several additional minor tidal constituents are available from the TiME model, this opens the door for further investigations into including these minor tides and optimising the tidal correction for improved studies of the sea surface from satellite altimetry and in other applications, such as gravity field modelling.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3310ocean tidesminor tidessatellite altimetrytide models |
| spellingShingle | Michael G. Hart-Davis Denise Dettmering Roman Sulzbach Maik Thomas Christian Schwatke Florian Seitz Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides Remote Sensing ocean tides minor tides satellite altimetry tide models |
| title | Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides |
| title_full | Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides |
| title_fullStr | Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides |
| title_short | Regional Evaluation of Minor Tidal Constituents for Improved Estimation of Ocean Tides |
| title_sort | regional evaluation of minor tidal constituents for improved estimation of ocean tides |
| topic | ocean tides minor tides satellite altimetry tide models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3310 |
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