The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests
Five isolates of <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. were evaluated for their pathogenicity against the spider mite (<i>Tetranychus truncatus</i> Ehara) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 resulted in the highest mortality (82%) on the 5th day post-inocu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/42 |
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| author | Rudsamee Wasuwan Natnapha Phosrithong Boonhiang Promdonkoy Duangjai Sangsrakru Chutima Sonthirod Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supawadee Ingsriswang Chettida Srisuksam Kewarin Klamchao Malinee Suksangpanomrung Thipmanee Hleepongpanich Sareeya Reungpatthanaphong Morakot Tanticharoen Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin |
| author_facet | Rudsamee Wasuwan Natnapha Phosrithong Boonhiang Promdonkoy Duangjai Sangsrakru Chutima Sonthirod Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supawadee Ingsriswang Chettida Srisuksam Kewarin Klamchao Malinee Suksangpanomrung Thipmanee Hleepongpanich Sareeya Reungpatthanaphong Morakot Tanticharoen Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin |
| author_sort | Rudsamee Wasuwan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Five isolates of <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. were evaluated for their pathogenicity against the spider mite (<i>Tetranychus truncatus</i> Ehara) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 resulted in the highest mortality (82%) on the 5th day post-inoculation (DPI). Subsequent insect bioassay data indicated similar high virulence against five other insects: African red mites (<i>Eutetranychus africanus</i> Tucker) (Acari: Tetranychidae), bean aphid (<i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), cassava mealybug (<i>Phenacoccus manihoti</i> Matile-Ferrero) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), sweet potato weevil (<i>Cylas formicarius</i> Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), and oriental fruit fly (<i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), at mortalities of 92–99%, on 3rd–6th DPI, and in laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity assay against <i>E. africanus</i> in hemp plants under greenhouse conditions indicated 85–100% insect mortality on 10th DPI using the fungus alone or in combination with synthetic acaricide. Genome sequencing of <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 revealed the high abundance of proteins associated with zinc-, heme-, and iron-binding; oxidation-reduction; and transmembrane transport, implicating its versatile mode of interaction with the environment and adaptation to various ion homeostasis. The light and scanning electron microscopy indicated that at 24 h post inoculation (PI), adhesion and appressorial formation occurred, notably near the setae. Most infected mites had stopped moving and started dying by 48–72 h PI. Elongated hyphal bodies and oval blastospores were detected in the legs. At 96–120 h PI or longer, dense mycelia and conidial mass had colonized the interior and exterior of dead mites, primarily at the bottom than the upper part. The shelf-life study also indicated that conidial formulation combined with an oxygen-moisture absorber markedly enhanced the viability and germination after storage at 35 °C for four months. The fungus was tested as safe for humans and animals, according to our toxicological assays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97133c4bea3e453ba5a0485c4d0bd8f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-97133c4bea3e453ba5a0485c4d0bd8f92023-11-23T14:09:52ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-12-011314210.3390/insects13010042The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect PestsRudsamee Wasuwan0Natnapha Phosrithong1Boonhiang Promdonkoy2Duangjai Sangsrakru3Chutima Sonthirod4Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang5Somsak Likhitrattanapisal6Supawadee Ingsriswang7Chettida Srisuksam8Kewarin Klamchao9Malinee Suksangpanomrung10Thipmanee Hleepongpanich11Sareeya Reungpatthanaphong12Morakot Tanticharoen13Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin14National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandThailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandSchool of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandFive isolates of <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. were evaluated for their pathogenicity against the spider mite (<i>Tetranychus truncatus</i> Ehara) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 resulted in the highest mortality (82%) on the 5th day post-inoculation (DPI). Subsequent insect bioassay data indicated similar high virulence against five other insects: African red mites (<i>Eutetranychus africanus</i> Tucker) (Acari: Tetranychidae), bean aphid (<i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), cassava mealybug (<i>Phenacoccus manihoti</i> Matile-Ferrero) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), sweet potato weevil (<i>Cylas formicarius</i> Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), and oriental fruit fly (<i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), at mortalities of 92–99%, on 3rd–6th DPI, and in laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity assay against <i>E. africanus</i> in hemp plants under greenhouse conditions indicated 85–100% insect mortality on 10th DPI using the fungus alone or in combination with synthetic acaricide. Genome sequencing of <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 revealed the high abundance of proteins associated with zinc-, heme-, and iron-binding; oxidation-reduction; and transmembrane transport, implicating its versatile mode of interaction with the environment and adaptation to various ion homeostasis. The light and scanning electron microscopy indicated that at 24 h post inoculation (PI), adhesion and appressorial formation occurred, notably near the setae. Most infected mites had stopped moving and started dying by 48–72 h PI. Elongated hyphal bodies and oval blastospores were detected in the legs. At 96–120 h PI or longer, dense mycelia and conidial mass had colonized the interior and exterior of dead mites, primarily at the bottom than the upper part. The shelf-life study also indicated that conidial formulation combined with an oxygen-moisture absorber markedly enhanced the viability and germination after storage at 35 °C for four months. The fungus was tested as safe for humans and animals, according to our toxicological assays.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/42acaricidehemphyphal bodyinsect pest<i>Metarhizium</i>shelf life |
| spellingShingle | Rudsamee Wasuwan Natnapha Phosrithong Boonhiang Promdonkoy Duangjai Sangsrakru Chutima Sonthirod Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supawadee Ingsriswang Chettida Srisuksam Kewarin Klamchao Malinee Suksangpanomrung Thipmanee Hleepongpanich Sareeya Reungpatthanaphong Morakot Tanticharoen Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests Insects acaricide hemp hyphal body insect pest <i>Metarhizium</i> shelf life |
| title | The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests |
| title_full | The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests |
| title_fullStr | The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests |
| title_short | The Fungus <i>Metarhizium</i> sp. BCC 4849 Is an Effective and Safe Mycoinsecticide for the Management of Spider Mites and Other Insect Pests |
| title_sort | fungus i metarhizium i sp bcc 4849 is an effective and safe mycoinsecticide for the management of spider mites and other insect pests |
| topic | acaricide hemp hyphal body insect pest <i>Metarhizium</i> shelf life |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/42 |
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