Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review
Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main etiology of tuberculosis (TB), is predominantly an intracellular pathogen that has caused infection, disease and death in humans for centuries. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic intracellular organelles that are found across the evolutionary tree of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01550-5 |
| _version_ | 1819151572529053696 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel Mekonnen Awoke Derbie Adane Mihret Solomon Abebe Yimer Tone Tønjum Baye Gelaw Endalkachew Nibret Abaineh Munshae Simon J. Waddell Abraham Aseffa |
| author_facet | Daniel Mekonnen Awoke Derbie Adane Mihret Solomon Abebe Yimer Tone Tønjum Baye Gelaw Endalkachew Nibret Abaineh Munshae Simon J. Waddell Abraham Aseffa |
| author_sort | Daniel Mekonnen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main etiology of tuberculosis (TB), is predominantly an intracellular pathogen that has caused infection, disease and death in humans for centuries. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic intracellular organelles that are found across the evolutionary tree of life. This review is an evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding Mtb-LD formation and associated Mtb transcriptome directly from sputa. Based on the LD content, Mtb in sputum may be classified into three groups: LD positive, LD negative and LD borderline. However, the clinical and evolutionary importance of each state is not well elaborated. Mounting evidence supports the view that the presence of LD positive Mtb bacilli in sputum is a biomarker of slow growth, low energy state, towards lipid degradation, and drug tolerance. In Mtb, LD may serve as a source of chemical energy, scavenger of toxic compounds, prevent destruction of Mtb through autophagy, delay trafficking of lysosomes towards the phagosome, and contribute to Mtb persistence. It is suggest that LD is a key player in the induction of a spectrum of phenotypic and metabolic states of Mtb in the macrophage, granuloma and extracellular sputum microenvironment. Tuberculosis patients with high proportion of LD positive Mtb in pretreatment sputum was associated with higher rate of poor treatment outcome, indicating that LD may have a clinical application in predicting treatment outcome. The propensity for LD formation among Mtb lineages is largely unknown. The role of LD on Mtb transmission and disease phenotype (pulmonary TB vs extra-pulmonary TB) is not well understood. Thus, further studies are needed to understand the relationships between LD positivity and Mtb lineage, Mtb transmission and clinical types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T14:35:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-971f41638d694e84931616db0f8c2d92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-511X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T14:35:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-971f41638d694e84931616db0f8c2d922022-12-21T18:22:40ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2021-10-0120111310.1186/s12944-021-01550-5Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature reviewDaniel Mekonnen0Awoke Derbie1Adane Mihret2Solomon Abebe Yimer3Tone Tønjum4Baye Gelaw5Endalkachew Nibret6Abaineh Munshae7Simon J. Waddell8Abraham Aseffa9Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar UniversityDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar UniversityArmauer Hansen Research InstituteDepartment of Microbiology, University of OsloDepartment of Microbiology, University of OsloDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarInstitute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar UniversityDepartment of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexArmauer Hansen Research InstituteAbstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main etiology of tuberculosis (TB), is predominantly an intracellular pathogen that has caused infection, disease and death in humans for centuries. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic intracellular organelles that are found across the evolutionary tree of life. This review is an evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding Mtb-LD formation and associated Mtb transcriptome directly from sputa. Based on the LD content, Mtb in sputum may be classified into three groups: LD positive, LD negative and LD borderline. However, the clinical and evolutionary importance of each state is not well elaborated. Mounting evidence supports the view that the presence of LD positive Mtb bacilli in sputum is a biomarker of slow growth, low energy state, towards lipid degradation, and drug tolerance. In Mtb, LD may serve as a source of chemical energy, scavenger of toxic compounds, prevent destruction of Mtb through autophagy, delay trafficking of lysosomes towards the phagosome, and contribute to Mtb persistence. It is suggest that LD is a key player in the induction of a spectrum of phenotypic and metabolic states of Mtb in the macrophage, granuloma and extracellular sputum microenvironment. Tuberculosis patients with high proportion of LD positive Mtb in pretreatment sputum was associated with higher rate of poor treatment outcome, indicating that LD may have a clinical application in predicting treatment outcome. The propensity for LD formation among Mtb lineages is largely unknown. The role of LD on Mtb transmission and disease phenotype (pulmonary TB vs extra-pulmonary TB) is not well understood. Thus, further studies are needed to understand the relationships between LD positivity and Mtb lineage, Mtb transmission and clinical types.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01550-5MycobacteriumSputumTuberculosisLipid dropletTranscriptomeHost-pathogen interaction |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Mekonnen Awoke Derbie Adane Mihret Solomon Abebe Yimer Tone Tønjum Baye Gelaw Endalkachew Nibret Abaineh Munshae Simon J. Waddell Abraham Aseffa Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review Lipids in Health and Disease Mycobacterium Sputum Tuberculosis Lipid droplet Transcriptome Host-pathogen interaction |
| title | Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review |
| title_full | Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review |
| title_fullStr | Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review |
| title_short | Lipid droplets and the transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa: a literature review |
| title_sort | lipid droplets and the transcriptome of mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct sputa a literature review |
| topic | Mycobacterium Sputum Tuberculosis Lipid droplet Transcriptome Host-pathogen interaction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01550-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielmekonnen lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT awokederbie lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT adanemihret lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT solomonabebeyimer lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT tonetønjum lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT bayegelaw lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT endalkachewnibret lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT abainehmunshae lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT simonjwaddell lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview AT abrahamaseffa lipiddropletsandthetranscriptomeofmycobacteriumtuberculosisfromdirectsputaaliteraturereview |