Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells
Tissues must adapt to the different external stimuli so that organisms can survive in their environments. The intestine is a vital organ involved in food processing and absorption, as well as in innate immune response. Its adaptation to environmental cues such as diet and biotic/abiotic stress invol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6362 |
| _version_ | 1797554852757241856 |
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| author | Aurélia Joly Raphaël Rousset |
| author_facet | Aurélia Joly Raphaël Rousset |
| author_sort | Aurélia Joly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tissues must adapt to the different external stimuli so that organisms can survive in their environments. The intestine is a vital organ involved in food processing and absorption, as well as in innate immune response. Its adaptation to environmental cues such as diet and biotic/abiotic stress involves regulation of the proliferative rate and a switch of division mode (asymmetric versus symmetric) of intestinal stem cells (ISC). In this review, we outline the current comprehension of the physiological and molecular mechanisms implicated in stem cell division modes in the adult <i>Drosophila</i> midgut. We present the signaling pathways and polarity cues that control the mitotic spindle orientation, which is the terminal determinant ensuring execution of the division mode. We review these events during gut homeostasis, as well as during its response to nutrient availability, bacterial infection, chemical damage, and aging. JNK signaling acts as a central player, being involved in each of these conditions as a direct regulator of spindle orientation. The studies of the mechanisms regulating ISC divisions allow a better understanding of how adult stem cells integrate different signals to control tissue plasticity, and of how various diseases, notably cancers, arise from their alterations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-971ffd1b9f6549b3874b88f572600a41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-971ffd1b9f6549b3874b88f572600a412023-11-20T12:17:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-09-012117636210.3390/ijms21176362Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem CellsAurélia Joly0Raphaël Rousset1Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INRAE, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, FranceUniversité Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INRAE, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, FranceTissues must adapt to the different external stimuli so that organisms can survive in their environments. The intestine is a vital organ involved in food processing and absorption, as well as in innate immune response. Its adaptation to environmental cues such as diet and biotic/abiotic stress involves regulation of the proliferative rate and a switch of division mode (asymmetric versus symmetric) of intestinal stem cells (ISC). In this review, we outline the current comprehension of the physiological and molecular mechanisms implicated in stem cell division modes in the adult <i>Drosophila</i> midgut. We present the signaling pathways and polarity cues that control the mitotic spindle orientation, which is the terminal determinant ensuring execution of the division mode. We review these events during gut homeostasis, as well as during its response to nutrient availability, bacterial infection, chemical damage, and aging. JNK signaling acts as a central player, being involved in each of these conditions as a direct regulator of spindle orientation. The studies of the mechanisms regulating ISC divisions allow a better understanding of how adult stem cells integrate different signals to control tissue plasticity, and of how various diseases, notably cancers, arise from their alterations.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6362stem cellsymmetric/asymmetric divisionsgutJNK<i>Drosophila</i>mouse |
| spellingShingle | Aurélia Joly Raphaël Rousset Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences stem cell symmetric/asymmetric divisions gut JNK <i>Drosophila</i> mouse |
| title | Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells |
| title_full | Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells |
| title_short | Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells |
| title_sort | tissue adaptation to environmental cues by symmetric and asymmetric division modes of intestinal stem cells |
| topic | stem cell symmetric/asymmetric divisions gut JNK <i>Drosophila</i> mouse |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6362 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aureliajoly tissueadaptationtoenvironmentalcuesbysymmetricandasymmetricdivisionmodesofintestinalstemcells AT raphaelrousset tissueadaptationtoenvironmentalcuesbysymmetricandasymmetricdivisionmodesofintestinalstemcells |