Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils
Abstract Background The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method can be employed for multi-residue analyses instead of traditional extraction methods due to its advantages in terms of extraction time and required equipment. A modified version of the QuEChERS method has been...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-022-00305-3 |
| _version_ | 1818192975753117696 |
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| author | Francesco De Mastro Claudio Cocozza Andreina Traversa Claudio Cacace Francesca Mottola Alessandra Mezzina Gennaro Brunetti |
| author_facet | Francesco De Mastro Claudio Cocozza Andreina Traversa Claudio Cacace Francesca Mottola Alessandra Mezzina Gennaro Brunetti |
| author_sort | Francesco De Mastro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method can be employed for multi-residue analyses instead of traditional extraction methods due to its advantages in terms of extraction time and required equipment. A modified version of the QuEChERS method has been developed for quantifying eight pharmaceuticals belonging to different classes in three real soils with different chemical properties. Firstly, the soils have been polluted with all contaminants and the recoveries were determined by liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. Due to similar recoveries from the three soils, the validation of the method has been carried out only on a soil by determining linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values. A matrix-matched calibration for the soil has been adopted in order to avoid the matrix effect and three levels of fortification (50, 100 and 500 µg L−1) were used. Results The recovery of all pharmaceuticals, with the exception of tetracycline, from any soil was between 72 and 113%. In the validation procedure, recoveries of fortified samples ranged from 80 to 99%, the relative standard deviations ranged between 1.2 and 11.8%, and the LOQ between 20 and 36.9 μg kg−1. Conclusion The results of the present study confirmed the validity of the modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of pharmaceuticals from soils in the range 50–500 μg kg−1. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T00:39:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9722f020be2f4324abd30410831bde2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-5641 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T00:39:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-9722f020be2f4324abd30410831bde2e2022-12-22T00:44:18ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412022-07-019111410.1186/s40538-022-00305-3Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soilsFrancesco De Mastro0Claudio Cocozza1Andreina Traversa2Claudio Cacace3Francesca Mottola4Alessandra Mezzina5Gennaro Brunetti6Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della pianta e degli Alimenti, University of BariDipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della pianta e degli Alimenti, University of BariDipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della pianta e degli Alimenti, University of BariDipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della pianta e degli Alimenti, University of BariLab Instruments S.R.L.Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della pianta e degli Alimenti, University of BariDipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della pianta e degli Alimenti, University of BariAbstract Background The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method can be employed for multi-residue analyses instead of traditional extraction methods due to its advantages in terms of extraction time and required equipment. A modified version of the QuEChERS method has been developed for quantifying eight pharmaceuticals belonging to different classes in three real soils with different chemical properties. Firstly, the soils have been polluted with all contaminants and the recoveries were determined by liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. Due to similar recoveries from the three soils, the validation of the method has been carried out only on a soil by determining linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values. A matrix-matched calibration for the soil has been adopted in order to avoid the matrix effect and three levels of fortification (50, 100 and 500 µg L−1) were used. Results The recovery of all pharmaceuticals, with the exception of tetracycline, from any soil was between 72 and 113%. In the validation procedure, recoveries of fortified samples ranged from 80 to 99%, the relative standard deviations ranged between 1.2 and 11.8%, and the LOQ between 20 and 36.9 μg kg−1. Conclusion The results of the present study confirmed the validity of the modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of pharmaceuticals from soils in the range 50–500 μg kg−1. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-022-00305-3QuEChERS methodPharmaceutical contaminantsSoilLiquid chromatographyMass spectrometryValidation method |
| spellingShingle | Francesco De Mastro Claudio Cocozza Andreina Traversa Claudio Cacace Francesca Mottola Alessandra Mezzina Gennaro Brunetti Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture QuEChERS method Pharmaceutical contaminants Soil Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Validation method |
| title | Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils |
| title_full | Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils |
| title_fullStr | Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils |
| title_short | Validation of a modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils |
| title_sort | validation of a modified quechers method for the extraction of multiple classes of pharmaceuticals from soils |
| topic | QuEChERS method Pharmaceutical contaminants Soil Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Validation method |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-022-00305-3 |
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