Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA)
Combustion in fluidised bed boilers is one of the most commonly used methods of treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Fly ash (FA) and air pollution control (APC) residues are the solid by-products generated by flue gas treatment. There are significant differences in the chemical composition of thes...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/8/849 |
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| author | Waldemar Kępys Małgorzata Śliwka Małgorzata Pawul |
| author_facet | Waldemar Kępys Małgorzata Śliwka Małgorzata Pawul |
| author_sort | Waldemar Kępys |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Combustion in fluidised bed boilers is one of the most commonly used methods of treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Fly ash (FA) and air pollution control (APC) residues are the solid by-products generated by flue gas treatment. There are significant differences in the chemical composition of these wastes. FA is composed of mainly SiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, CaO and metals such as Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni. APC residues mainly contain SO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>O. The leachability tests that were carried out indicate that these wastes display very low leachability of heavy metals (for example leachability of Pb was equal 0.0004 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup> in both wastes, leachability of Cd was equal 0.0012 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup> in FA an 0.00004 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup> in APC). On the other hand, very high sulphate concentrations (49,375 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup>) were found in water extract for the APC residues. In order to determine the toxicity of these wastes for plants, pot experiments with different additions of waste to the soil were carried out (on Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba). Tests based on seeds germinations (on <i>Lepidium sativum</i>) in water extracts from waste (in different concentrations) were also performed. The results obtained indicate the very high toxicity of APC residues. Complete inhibition of germination and growth of the test plants was found for all concentrations of the tested waste in water extract and for all additions of waste to the soil in pot experiments. Seed germination tests on water extracts from FA did not show any toxicity of this waste. Pot tests with FA showed their toxicity only with a high (30%) addition in soil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:34:22Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:34:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-972ce0501e964d3eb6ceb52a4bbf81422023-11-22T08:49:52ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2021-08-0111884910.3390/min11080849Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA)Waldemar Kępys0Małgorzata Śliwka1Małgorzata Pawul2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandCombustion in fluidised bed boilers is one of the most commonly used methods of treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Fly ash (FA) and air pollution control (APC) residues are the solid by-products generated by flue gas treatment. There are significant differences in the chemical composition of these wastes. FA is composed of mainly SiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, CaO and metals such as Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni. APC residues mainly contain SO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>O. The leachability tests that were carried out indicate that these wastes display very low leachability of heavy metals (for example leachability of Pb was equal 0.0004 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup> in both wastes, leachability of Cd was equal 0.0012 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup> in FA an 0.00004 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup> in APC). On the other hand, very high sulphate concentrations (49,375 mg·dm<sup>−3</sup>) were found in water extract for the APC residues. In order to determine the toxicity of these wastes for plants, pot experiments with different additions of waste to the soil were carried out (on Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba). Tests based on seeds germinations (on <i>Lepidium sativum</i>) in water extracts from waste (in different concentrations) were also performed. The results obtained indicate the very high toxicity of APC residues. Complete inhibition of germination and growth of the test plants was found for all concentrations of the tested waste in water extract and for all additions of waste to the soil in pot experiments. Seed germination tests on water extracts from FA did not show any toxicity of this waste. Pot tests with FA showed their toxicity only with a high (30%) addition in soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/8/849incinerated sewage sludge ashecotoxicitywaste recovery |
| spellingShingle | Waldemar Kępys Małgorzata Śliwka Małgorzata Pawul Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) Minerals incinerated sewage sludge ash ecotoxicity waste recovery |
| title | Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) |
| title_full | Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) |
| title_short | Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA) |
| title_sort | assessment of ecotoxicity of incinerated sewage sludge ash issa |
| topic | incinerated sewage sludge ash ecotoxicity waste recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/8/849 |
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