<i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia
A new microcystin-producing mangrove cyanobacterium, <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov., was isolated from a tropical mangrove in Penang, Malaysia, and characterized using combined morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Cultures were established in liquid media of different salinities...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| author | Faradina Merican Nur Afiqah Abdul Rahim Syazana Zaki Mohd Nor Siti Azizah Paul Broady Peter Convey Billy Lim Narongrit Muangmai |
| author_facet | Faradina Merican Nur Afiqah Abdul Rahim Syazana Zaki Mohd Nor Siti Azizah Paul Broady Peter Convey Billy Lim Narongrit Muangmai |
| author_sort | Faradina Merican |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A new microcystin-producing mangrove cyanobacterium, <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov., was isolated from a tropical mangrove in Penang, Malaysia, and characterized using combined morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Cultures were established in liquid media of different salinities (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 ppt). Optimal growth observed at both 7 and 14 ppt was consistent with the origin of the strain from an estuarine mangrove environment. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene strongly indicated that the strain is a member of the genus <i>Aliinostoc</i> and is distinct from other currently sequenced species in the genus. The sequences and secondary structure of the 16S–23S ITS region D1–D1’ and Box–B helices provided further confirmation that the new species is clearly distinct from previously described <i>Aliinostoc</i> species. Amplification of the <i>mcyE</i> gene fragment associated with the production of microcystin in <i>A. bakau</i> revealed that it is identical to that in other known microcystin-producing cyanobacteria. Analysis of the extracts obtained from this strain by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of microcystin variants (MC-LR and -YR) at concentrations of 0.60 μg/L and MC-RR at a concentration of 0.30 μg/L. This is the first record of microcystin production from <i>Aliinostoc</i> species in tropical mangrove habitats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:00:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-973397d01021469fb96c4d2641dcb017 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:00:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-973397d01021469fb96c4d2641dcb0172024-01-26T16:04:39ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182023-12-011612210.3390/d16010022<i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in MalaysiaFaradina Merican0Nur Afiqah Abdul Rahim1Syazana Zaki2Mohd Nor Siti Azizah3Paul Broady4Peter Convey5Billy Lim6Narongrit Muangmai7School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New ZealandBritish Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UKSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, MalaysiaDepartment of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandA new microcystin-producing mangrove cyanobacterium, <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov., was isolated from a tropical mangrove in Penang, Malaysia, and characterized using combined morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Cultures were established in liquid media of different salinities (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 ppt). Optimal growth observed at both 7 and 14 ppt was consistent with the origin of the strain from an estuarine mangrove environment. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene strongly indicated that the strain is a member of the genus <i>Aliinostoc</i> and is distinct from other currently sequenced species in the genus. The sequences and secondary structure of the 16S–23S ITS region D1–D1’ and Box–B helices provided further confirmation that the new species is clearly distinct from previously described <i>Aliinostoc</i> species. Amplification of the <i>mcyE</i> gene fragment associated with the production of microcystin in <i>A. bakau</i> revealed that it is identical to that in other known microcystin-producing cyanobacteria. Analysis of the extracts obtained from this strain by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of microcystin variants (MC-LR and -YR) at concentrations of 0.60 μg/L and MC-RR at a concentration of 0.30 μg/L. This is the first record of microcystin production from <i>Aliinostoc</i> species in tropical mangrove habitats.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/1/22cyanobacteriacyanotoxin<i>mcyE</i> genetropicalmorphologicalphylogenetic |
| spellingShingle | Faradina Merican Nur Afiqah Abdul Rahim Syazana Zaki Mohd Nor Siti Azizah Paul Broady Peter Convey Billy Lim Narongrit Muangmai <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia Diversity cyanobacteria cyanotoxin <i>mcyE</i> gene tropical morphological phylogenetic |
| title | <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia |
| title_full | <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia |
| title_short | <i>Aliinostoc bakau</i> sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae), a New Microcystin Producer from Mangroves in Malaysia |
| title_sort | i aliinostoc bakau i sp nov cyanobacteria nostocaceae a new microcystin producer from mangroves in malaysia |
| topic | cyanobacteria cyanotoxin <i>mcyE</i> gene tropical morphological phylogenetic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/1/22 |
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