Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) already at adolescent age. The majority of studies so far evaluated parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of ANS individually, although composite indices including cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Life |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/11/2230 |
| _version_ | 1827639427603628032 |
|---|---|
| author | Ingrid Tonhajzerova Nikola Ferencova Igor Ondrejka Igor Hrtanek Ivan Farsky Tomas Kukucka Zuzana Visnovcova |
| author_facet | Ingrid Tonhajzerova Nikola Ferencova Igor Ondrejka Igor Hrtanek Ivan Farsky Tomas Kukucka Zuzana Visnovcova |
| author_sort | Ingrid Tonhajzerova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) already at adolescent age. The majority of studies so far evaluated parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of ANS individually, although composite indices including cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) seem to measure ANS functioning more comprehensively and thus could provide better psychopathologies’ predictors. We aimed to study CAB and CAR derived from high-frequency bands of heart rate variability and left ventricular ejection time during complex stress response (rest–Go/NoGo task–recovery) in MDD adolescents with respect to sex. We examined 85 MDD adolescents (52 girls, age: 15.7 ± 0.14 yrs.) and 80 age- and sex-matched controls. The MDD group showed significantly reduced CAB compared to controls at rest, in response to the Go/NoGo task, and in the recovery phase. Moreover, while depressed boys showed significantly lower CAB at rest and in response to the Go/NoGo task compared to control boys, depressed girls showed no significant differences in evaluated parameters compared to control girls. This study for the first time evaluated CAB and CAR indices in drug-naïve first-episode diagnosed MDD adolescents during complex stress responses, indicating an altered cardiac autonomic pattern (i.e., reciprocal sympathetic dominance associated with parasympathetic underactivity), which was predominant for depressed boys. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:40:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-974237420c56491399bbef4719f8cfa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:40:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-974237420c56491399bbef4719f8cfa72023-11-24T14:52:41ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-11-011311223010.3390/life13112230Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of SexIngrid Tonhajzerova0Nikola Ferencova1Igor Ondrejka2Igor Hrtanek3Ivan Farsky4Tomas Kukucka5Zuzana Visnovcova6Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaBiomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaPsychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaPsychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaPsychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaPsychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaBiomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaAutonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) already at adolescent age. The majority of studies so far evaluated parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of ANS individually, although composite indices including cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) seem to measure ANS functioning more comprehensively and thus could provide better psychopathologies’ predictors. We aimed to study CAB and CAR derived from high-frequency bands of heart rate variability and left ventricular ejection time during complex stress response (rest–Go/NoGo task–recovery) in MDD adolescents with respect to sex. We examined 85 MDD adolescents (52 girls, age: 15.7 ± 0.14 yrs.) and 80 age- and sex-matched controls. The MDD group showed significantly reduced CAB compared to controls at rest, in response to the Go/NoGo task, and in the recovery phase. Moreover, while depressed boys showed significantly lower CAB at rest and in response to the Go/NoGo task compared to control boys, depressed girls showed no significant differences in evaluated parameters compared to control girls. This study for the first time evaluated CAB and CAR indices in drug-naïve first-episode diagnosed MDD adolescents during complex stress responses, indicating an altered cardiac autonomic pattern (i.e., reciprocal sympathetic dominance associated with parasympathetic underactivity), which was predominant for depressed boys.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/11/2230major depressive disorderadolescent agecardiac autonomic controlstress responsesex |
| spellingShingle | Ingrid Tonhajzerova Nikola Ferencova Igor Ondrejka Igor Hrtanek Ivan Farsky Tomas Kukucka Zuzana Visnovcova Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex Life major depressive disorder adolescent age cardiac autonomic control stress response sex |
| title | Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex |
| title_full | Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex |
| title_fullStr | Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex |
| title_short | Cardiac Autonomic Balance Is Altered during the Acute Stress Response in Adolescent Major Depression—Effect of Sex |
| title_sort | cardiac autonomic balance is altered during the acute stress response in adolescent major depression effect of sex |
| topic | major depressive disorder adolescent age cardiac autonomic control stress response sex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/11/2230 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ingridtonhajzerova cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex AT nikolaferencova cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex AT igorondrejka cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex AT igorhrtanek cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex AT ivanfarsky cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex AT tomaskukucka cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex AT zuzanavisnovcova cardiacautonomicbalanceisalteredduringtheacutestressresponseinadolescentmajordepressioneffectofsex |