Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis
In the present study, a beneficial approach for the ultrasensitive and affordable naked eye detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) by utilizing plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via antibody-antigen interaction was studied. Here, the biocatalytic cycle of the intracellular en...
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MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/6/1932 |
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| author | Noremylia Mohd Bakhori Nor Azah Yusof Jaafar Abdullah Helmi Wasoh Siti Suraiya Md Noor Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston Faruq Mohammad |
| author_facet | Noremylia Mohd Bakhori Nor Azah Yusof Jaafar Abdullah Helmi Wasoh Siti Suraiya Md Noor Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston Faruq Mohammad |
| author_sort | Noremylia Mohd Bakhori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, a beneficial approach for the ultrasensitive and affordable naked eye detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) by utilizing plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via antibody-antigen interaction was studied. Here, the biocatalytic cycle of the intracellular enzymes links to the formation and successive growth of the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for ultrasensitive detection. The formation of different colored solutions by the plasmonic nanoparticles in the presence of enzyme labels links directly to the existence or non-existence of the TB analytes in the sample solutions. For disease detection, the adapted protocol is based mainly on the conventional ELISA procedure that involves catalase-labeled antibodies, i.e., the enzymes consume hydrogen peroxide and further produce GNPs with the addition of gold (III) chloride. The amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the solution determines whether the GNPs solution is to be formed in the color blue or the color red, as it serves as a confirmation for the naked eye detection of TB analytes. However, the conventional ELISA method only shows tonal colors that need a high concentration of analyte to achieve high confidence levels for naked eye detection. Also, in this research, we proposed the incorporation of protein biomarker, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6-like protein esxB (CFP-10), as a means of TB detection using plasmonic ELISA. With the use of this technique, the CFP-10 detection limit can be lowered to 0.01 µg/mL by the naked eye. Further, our developed technique was successfully tested and confirmed with sputum samples from patients diagnosed with positive TB, thereby providing enough evidence for the utilization of our technique in the early diagnosis of TB disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:40:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:40:17Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-974d91eb420d4d0fb35c42642390512c2022-12-22T01:57:19ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-06-01186193210.3390/s18061932s18061932Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of TuberculosisNoremylia Mohd Bakhori0Nor Azah Yusof1Jaafar Abdullah2Helmi Wasoh3Siti Suraiya Md Noor4Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston5Faruq Mohammad6Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, MalaysiaInstitute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, MalaysiaFaculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecule Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, MalaysiaSchool of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, MalaysiaSurfactant Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaIn the present study, a beneficial approach for the ultrasensitive and affordable naked eye detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) by utilizing plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via antibody-antigen interaction was studied. Here, the biocatalytic cycle of the intracellular enzymes links to the formation and successive growth of the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for ultrasensitive detection. The formation of different colored solutions by the plasmonic nanoparticles in the presence of enzyme labels links directly to the existence or non-existence of the TB analytes in the sample solutions. For disease detection, the adapted protocol is based mainly on the conventional ELISA procedure that involves catalase-labeled antibodies, i.e., the enzymes consume hydrogen peroxide and further produce GNPs with the addition of gold (III) chloride. The amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the solution determines whether the GNPs solution is to be formed in the color blue or the color red, as it serves as a confirmation for the naked eye detection of TB analytes. However, the conventional ELISA method only shows tonal colors that need a high concentration of analyte to achieve high confidence levels for naked eye detection. Also, in this research, we proposed the incorporation of protein biomarker, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6-like protein esxB (CFP-10), as a means of TB detection using plasmonic ELISA. With the use of this technique, the CFP-10 detection limit can be lowered to 0.01 µg/mL by the naked eye. Further, our developed technique was successfully tested and confirmed with sputum samples from patients diagnosed with positive TB, thereby providing enough evidence for the utilization of our technique in the early diagnosis of TB disease.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/6/1932tuberculosisimmune nanosensorplasmonic ELISAbiosensorsnaked eye detection |
| spellingShingle | Noremylia Mohd Bakhori Nor Azah Yusof Jaafar Abdullah Helmi Wasoh Siti Suraiya Md Noor Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston Faruq Mohammad Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis Sensors tuberculosis immune nanosensor plasmonic ELISA biosensors naked eye detection |
| title | Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis |
| title_full | Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis |
| title_short | Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis |
| title_sort | immuno nanosensor for the ultrasensitive naked eye detection of tuberculosis |
| topic | tuberculosis immune nanosensor plasmonic ELISA biosensors naked eye detection |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/6/1932 |
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