Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach
Abstract This study proposes an approach for finding the optimal size of a high‐speed flywheel in an energy storage system based on battery‐flywheel cooperation, called battery‐flywheel energy storage system (BFESS), supplying an electric vehicle. Considering an energy‐based model for the flywheel a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | IET Electric Power Applications |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12134 |
| _version_ | 1817997879630888960 |
|---|---|
| author | Abbas Mehraban Ebrahim Farjah Teymoor Ghanbari Lauric Garbuio |
| author_facet | Abbas Mehraban Ebrahim Farjah Teymoor Ghanbari Lauric Garbuio |
| author_sort | Abbas Mehraban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study proposes an approach for finding the optimal size of a high‐speed flywheel in an energy storage system based on battery‐flywheel cooperation, called battery‐flywheel energy storage system (BFESS), supplying an electric vehicle. Considering an energy‐based model for the flywheel and battery, including the losses, the optimal control theory is utilised as a two‐dimensional Pontryagin's minimum principle for solving the problem. The objective function of the flywheel sizing problem includes two terms, in which its maximum interaction with the system from the energy and filtering aspects are taken into consideration by a desirable weighting. While energy interaction is a common task, filtering the fast dynamics of the system such as the harsh conditions for the battery is the key role of the considered lightweight and high‐speed flywheel. A trade‐off between the energy contribution and filtering is made, targetted for the long‐term and short‐term dynamics in the drive cycles, respectively. The proposed methodology is presented in detail using some simple dynamics. Also, the sizing is carried out for the ECE‐15 urban drive cycle, the WLTC class‐3 and FTP‐75 drive cycles. The results confirm that by using the determined optimal size of the flywheel energy storage system (FESS), most of the dynamics could be handled from the filtering and energy interaction aspects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:44:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9752208e87ff40a5898357a807deb226 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-8660 1751-8679 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:44:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IET Electric Power Applications |
| spelling | doaj.art-9752208e87ff40a5898357a807deb2262022-12-22T02:16:35ZengWileyIET Electric Power Applications1751-86601751-86792022-01-01161556710.1049/elp2.12134Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approachAbbas Mehraban0Ebrahim Farjah1Teymoor Ghanbari2Lauric Garbuio3School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Shiraz University Shiraz IranSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Shiraz University Shiraz IranSchool of Advanced Technologies of Shiraz University Shiraz IranGrenoble‐Alpes University G2Elab Grenoble FranceAbstract This study proposes an approach for finding the optimal size of a high‐speed flywheel in an energy storage system based on battery‐flywheel cooperation, called battery‐flywheel energy storage system (BFESS), supplying an electric vehicle. Considering an energy‐based model for the flywheel and battery, including the losses, the optimal control theory is utilised as a two‐dimensional Pontryagin's minimum principle for solving the problem. The objective function of the flywheel sizing problem includes two terms, in which its maximum interaction with the system from the energy and filtering aspects are taken into consideration by a desirable weighting. While energy interaction is a common task, filtering the fast dynamics of the system such as the harsh conditions for the battery is the key role of the considered lightweight and high‐speed flywheel. A trade‐off between the energy contribution and filtering is made, targetted for the long‐term and short‐term dynamics in the drive cycles, respectively. The proposed methodology is presented in detail using some simple dynamics. Also, the sizing is carried out for the ECE‐15 urban drive cycle, the WLTC class‐3 and FTP‐75 drive cycles. The results confirm that by using the determined optimal size of the flywheel energy storage system (FESS), most of the dynamics could be handled from the filtering and energy interaction aspects.https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12134flywheelsenergy storageoptimal controlbattery powered vehiclesmaximum principle |
| spellingShingle | Abbas Mehraban Ebrahim Farjah Teymoor Ghanbari Lauric Garbuio Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach IET Electric Power Applications flywheels energy storage optimal control battery powered vehicles maximum principle |
| title | Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach |
| title_full | Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach |
| title_fullStr | Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach |
| title_short | Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach |
| title_sort | optimal sizing of a high speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach |
| topic | flywheels energy storage optimal control battery powered vehicles maximum principle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12134 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abbasmehraban optimalsizingofahighspeedflywheelinanelectricvehicleusingtheoptimalcontroltheoryapproach AT ebrahimfarjah optimalsizingofahighspeedflywheelinanelectricvehicleusingtheoptimalcontroltheoryapproach AT teymoorghanbari optimalsizingofahighspeedflywheelinanelectricvehicleusingtheoptimalcontroltheoryapproach AT lauricgarbuio optimalsizingofahighspeedflywheelinanelectricvehicleusingtheoptimalcontroltheoryapproach |