Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives
An integrated method that evaluates conflicting hydraulic performances of water distribution systems (WDSs) and sanitary sewers (SSs) considering water-saving schemes (WSSs) under fixed (deterministic) or uncertain water demands was formulated. WSSs considered include household water-saving fixtures...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Water Supply |
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| Online Access: | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/3/3044 |
| _version_ | 1811309010854346752 |
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| author | Innocent Basupi |
| author_facet | Innocent Basupi |
| author_sort | Innocent Basupi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An integrated method that evaluates conflicting hydraulic performances of water distribution systems (WDSs) and sanitary sewers (SSs) considering water-saving schemes (WSSs) under fixed (deterministic) or uncertain water demands was formulated. WSSs considered include household water-saving fixtures and appliances whose water flows impact water distribution system (WDS) and sanitary sewer (SS) hydraulic performances in different ways. In the proposed flexible approach, a multi-objective optimisation problem was formulated and solved considering trade-offs of three objectives: (1) maximisation of the average cost savings (2) maximisation of the average WDS resilience index and (3) minimisation of the average SS self-cleansing velocity deficit factor. The decision variables include water-saving fixture and appliance capacities that are applied in a deterministic or flexible manner at a household level. The constraints include WDS and SS hydraulic requirements together with decision bounds of the available water-saving scheme capacities. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used to obtain trade-off solutions. This method was demonstrated in the corresponding WDS and SS network subsystems of Tsholofelo extension in Gaborone, Botswana. The results indicate that WSSs lead to visibly conflicting WDS and SS hydraulic performances. Moreover, considering the uncertainty inherent in water demand and the corresponding planning and management of WDSs and SSs provides more sustainable solutions as demand uncertainties unveil. HIGHLIGHTS
Performances of WSSs and water networks have been analysed considering water demand uncertainty.;
A method that considers trade-offs between water network hydraulics amidst WSSs has been articulated.;
Deterministic and flexible applications of WSSs have been examined.;
Considering demand uncertainty provides appropriate and more sustainable management of integrated water systems.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:33:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9759435aff954cdd99a57c741fbcfbed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1606-9749 1607-0798 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:33:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Supply |
| spelling | doaj.art-9759435aff954cdd99a57c741fbcfbed2022-12-22T02:52:10ZengIWA PublishingWater Supply1606-97491607-07982022-03-012233044306010.2166/ws.2021.415415Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectivesInnocent Basupi0 Climate Change Division, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Maranyane House, Plot 50654, Machel Dr, Gaborone, Botswana An integrated method that evaluates conflicting hydraulic performances of water distribution systems (WDSs) and sanitary sewers (SSs) considering water-saving schemes (WSSs) under fixed (deterministic) or uncertain water demands was formulated. WSSs considered include household water-saving fixtures and appliances whose water flows impact water distribution system (WDS) and sanitary sewer (SS) hydraulic performances in different ways. In the proposed flexible approach, a multi-objective optimisation problem was formulated and solved considering trade-offs of three objectives: (1) maximisation of the average cost savings (2) maximisation of the average WDS resilience index and (3) minimisation of the average SS self-cleansing velocity deficit factor. The decision variables include water-saving fixture and appliance capacities that are applied in a deterministic or flexible manner at a household level. The constraints include WDS and SS hydraulic requirements together with decision bounds of the available water-saving scheme capacities. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used to obtain trade-off solutions. This method was demonstrated in the corresponding WDS and SS network subsystems of Tsholofelo extension in Gaborone, Botswana. The results indicate that WSSs lead to visibly conflicting WDS and SS hydraulic performances. Moreover, considering the uncertainty inherent in water demand and the corresponding planning and management of WDSs and SSs provides more sustainable solutions as demand uncertainties unveil. HIGHLIGHTS Performances of WSSs and water networks have been analysed considering water demand uncertainty.; A method that considers trade-offs between water network hydraulics amidst WSSs has been articulated.; Deterministic and flexible applications of WSSs have been examined.; Considering demand uncertainty provides appropriate and more sustainable management of integrated water systems.;http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/3/3044monte carlo simulationoptimisationsanitary sewerswater demand uncertaintywater distribution systemwater saving schemes |
| spellingShingle | Innocent Basupi Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives Water Supply monte carlo simulation optimisation sanitary sewers water demand uncertainty water distribution system water saving schemes |
| title | Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives |
| title_full | Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives |
| title_short | Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives |
| title_sort | flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives |
| topic | monte carlo simulation optimisation sanitary sewers water demand uncertainty water distribution system water saving schemes |
| url | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/22/3/3044 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT innocentbasupi flexibleanddeterministichouseholdwatersavingunderwaterdemanduncertaintyexistingwaterdistributionsystemandsanitarysewerperspectives |