Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh
The scarcity of freshwater in most of the megacities in the world is an important concern. In this regard, scientifically harvested rainwater could provide an effective measure to this crisis. In this attempt, we developed a cost-effective sensor-based automated first-flush rainwater harvesting syst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023002347 |
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| author | A. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal Yeasin Arafat Tarek Md. Abu Bakar Siddique Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh Sumon Chandra Debnath Md. Ripaj Uddin Shamim Ahmed Md. Ahedul Akbor Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Rahat Khan Mohammad Moniruzzaman Shahnaz Sultana |
| author_facet | A. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal Yeasin Arafat Tarek Md. Abu Bakar Siddique Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh Sumon Chandra Debnath Md. Ripaj Uddin Shamim Ahmed Md. Ahedul Akbor Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Rahat Khan Mohammad Moniruzzaman Shahnaz Sultana |
| author_sort | A. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The scarcity of freshwater in most of the megacities in the world is an important concern. In this regard, scientifically harvested rainwater could provide an effective measure to this crisis. In this attempt, we developed a cost-effective sensor-based automated first-flush rainwater harvesting system (RHS) to improve the freshwater scarcity and economic development of megacities like Dhaka, Bangladesh. To investigate the performance of the developed system, a suit of representative rainwater samples was systematically collected, preserved, and assessed between the months of July–December 2021 for water quality parameters such as physicochemical (pH, EC, TDS, DO, hardness, and alkalinity), anions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, Br−, and SO42−), elemental (Ca, Mg, Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Be, Ni, Se, and Fe), and microbial contamination analysis. A Multiparameter digital meter and a titrimetric method were employed for measuring the physicochemical properties whereas elemental concentration was detected using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer. The changes in microbial contamination in the preserved rainwater were investigated from time to time during the whole experimental period. The findings showed that the mean pH (6.90) and concentrations (mg/L) of other concerning parameters such as TDS (15.5), DO (7.26), hardness (14.9), Cl− (3.59), NO3− (4.84), SO42− (4.62), Fe (<0.2), Cr (0.086 μg/L), As (0.224 μg/L), Cd (0.260 μg/L), Hg (0.270 μg/L), and Pb (5.530 μg/L) in the harvested rainwater samples were below the WHO drinking water guidelines and literature data implying that the harvested rainwater derived from the developed RHS is completely safe for drinking and other uses even in respect to the microbial contamination (total bacterial counts: 0–15 CFU/mL, and total and fecal coliform less than 1.8 MPN/100 mL) for long storage. Hence, this technology has a huge opportunity to mitigate safe freshwater scarcity and groundwater depletion issues, especially in megacities such as Dhaka, Bangladesh. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:45:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-975bb24b77174b37a0344bdda9d2e6cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:45:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-975bb24b77174b37a0344bdda9d2e6cb2023-02-03T05:00:14ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-01-0191e13027Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, BangladeshA. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal0Yeasin Arafat Tarek1Md. Abu Bakar Siddique2Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh3Sumon Chandra Debnath4Md. Ripaj Uddin5Shamim Ahmed6Md. Ahedul Akbor7Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur8Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam9Rahat Khan10Mohammad Moniruzzaman11Shahnaz Sultana12Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshInstitute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshPilot Plant and Process Development Centre (PP & PDC), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshInstitute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshInstitute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshInstitute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshInstitute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshDepartment of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur, 5400, BangladeshInstitute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshCentral Analytical and Research Facilities (CARF), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshInstitute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, BangladeshThe scarcity of freshwater in most of the megacities in the world is an important concern. In this regard, scientifically harvested rainwater could provide an effective measure to this crisis. In this attempt, we developed a cost-effective sensor-based automated first-flush rainwater harvesting system (RHS) to improve the freshwater scarcity and economic development of megacities like Dhaka, Bangladesh. To investigate the performance of the developed system, a suit of representative rainwater samples was systematically collected, preserved, and assessed between the months of July–December 2021 for water quality parameters such as physicochemical (pH, EC, TDS, DO, hardness, and alkalinity), anions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, Br−, and SO42−), elemental (Ca, Mg, Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Be, Ni, Se, and Fe), and microbial contamination analysis. A Multiparameter digital meter and a titrimetric method were employed for measuring the physicochemical properties whereas elemental concentration was detected using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer. The changes in microbial contamination in the preserved rainwater were investigated from time to time during the whole experimental period. The findings showed that the mean pH (6.90) and concentrations (mg/L) of other concerning parameters such as TDS (15.5), DO (7.26), hardness (14.9), Cl− (3.59), NO3− (4.84), SO42− (4.62), Fe (<0.2), Cr (0.086 μg/L), As (0.224 μg/L), Cd (0.260 μg/L), Hg (0.270 μg/L), and Pb (5.530 μg/L) in the harvested rainwater samples were below the WHO drinking water guidelines and literature data implying that the harvested rainwater derived from the developed RHS is completely safe for drinking and other uses even in respect to the microbial contamination (total bacterial counts: 0–15 CFU/mL, and total and fecal coliform less than 1.8 MPN/100 mL) for long storage. Hence, this technology has a huge opportunity to mitigate safe freshwater scarcity and groundwater depletion issues, especially in megacities such as Dhaka, Bangladesh.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023002347Urban rainwaterCost-effective harvesting techniqueAutomated first-flushPotable waterHeavy metalsMicrobial contamination |
| spellingShingle | A. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal Yeasin Arafat Tarek Md. Abu Bakar Siddique Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh Sumon Chandra Debnath Md. Ripaj Uddin Shamim Ahmed Md. Ahedul Akbor Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Rahat Khan Mohammad Moniruzzaman Shahnaz Sultana Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh Heliyon Urban rainwater Cost-effective harvesting technique Automated first-flush Potable water Heavy metals Microbial contamination |
| title | Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_full | Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_short | Development of a fabricated first-flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a South Asian megacity, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_sort | development of a fabricated first flush rainwater harvested technology to meet up the freshwater scarcity in a south asian megacity dhaka bangladesh |
| topic | Urban rainwater Cost-effective harvesting technique Automated first-flush Potable water Heavy metals Microbial contamination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023002347 |
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