The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes
Profiling a propolis sample from Papua New Guinea (PNG) using high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that it contained several triterpenoids. Further fractionation by column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) followed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1622 |
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| author | Samya S. Alenezi Naif D. Alenezi Godwin U. Ebiloma Manal J. Natto Marzuq A. Ungogo John O. Igoli Valerie A. Ferro Alexander I. Gray James Fearnley Harry P. de Koning David G. Watson |
| author_facet | Samya S. Alenezi Naif D. Alenezi Godwin U. Ebiloma Manal J. Natto Marzuq A. Ungogo John O. Igoli Valerie A. Ferro Alexander I. Gray James Fearnley Harry P. de Koning David G. Watson |
| author_sort | Samya S. Alenezi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Profiling a propolis sample from Papua New Guinea (PNG) using high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that it contained several triterpenoids. Further fractionation by column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) followed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) identified 12 triterpenoids. Five of these were obtained pure and the others as mixtures of two or three compounds. The compounds identified were: mangiferonic acid, ambonic acid, isomangiferolic acid, ambolic acid, 27-hydroxyisomangiferolic acid, cycloartenol, cycloeucalenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, 20-hydroxybetulin, betulin, betulinic acid and madecassic acid. The fractions from the propolis and the purified compounds were tested in vitro against <i>Crithidia fasciculata</i>, <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>, drug-resistant <i>Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma b. brucei</i> and multidrug-resistant <i>Trypanosoma b. brucei</i> (B48). They were also assayed for their toxicity against U947 cells. The compounds and fractions displayed moderate to high activity against parasitic protozoa but only low cytotoxicity against the mammalian cells. The most active isolated compound, 20-hydroxybetulin, was found to be trypanostatic when different concentrations were tested against <i>T. b. brucei</i> growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:19Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-975c2535760043c686171cdcfa35f3662023-11-23T23:27:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01275162210.3390/molecules27051622The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its TriterpenesSamya S. Alenezi0Naif D. Alenezi1Godwin U. Ebiloma2Manal J. Natto3Marzuq A. Ungogo4John O. Igoli5Valerie A. Ferro6Alexander I. Gray7James Fearnley8Harry P. de Koning9David G. Watson10Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UKStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UKStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UKBeeVital, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO22 5JR, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UKProfiling a propolis sample from Papua New Guinea (PNG) using high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that it contained several triterpenoids. Further fractionation by column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) followed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) identified 12 triterpenoids. Five of these were obtained pure and the others as mixtures of two or three compounds. The compounds identified were: mangiferonic acid, ambonic acid, isomangiferolic acid, ambolic acid, 27-hydroxyisomangiferolic acid, cycloartenol, cycloeucalenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, 20-hydroxybetulin, betulin, betulinic acid and madecassic acid. The fractions from the propolis and the purified compounds were tested in vitro against <i>Crithidia fasciculata</i>, <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>, drug-resistant <i>Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma b. brucei</i> and multidrug-resistant <i>Trypanosoma b. brucei</i> (B48). They were also assayed for their toxicity against U947 cells. The compounds and fractions displayed moderate to high activity against parasitic protozoa but only low cytotoxicity against the mammalian cells. The most active isolated compound, 20-hydroxybetulin, was found to be trypanostatic when different concentrations were tested against <i>T. b. brucei</i> growth.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1622triterpenes<i>T. brucei</i><i>T. congolense</i>Papua New GuineapropolisU947 cells |
| spellingShingle | Samya S. Alenezi Naif D. Alenezi Godwin U. Ebiloma Manal J. Natto Marzuq A. Ungogo John O. Igoli Valerie A. Ferro Alexander I. Gray James Fearnley Harry P. de Koning David G. Watson The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes Molecules triterpenes <i>T. brucei</i> <i>T. congolense</i> Papua New Guinea propolis U947 cells |
| title | The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes |
| title_full | The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes |
| title_fullStr | The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes |
| title_short | The Antiprotozoal Activity of Papua New Guinea Propolis and Its Triterpenes |
| title_sort | antiprotozoal activity of papua new guinea propolis and its triterpenes |
| topic | triterpenes <i>T. brucei</i> <i>T. congolense</i> Papua New Guinea propolis U947 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1622 |
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