The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator
In ground-penetrating radar (GPR) or lunar-penetrating radar (LPR) interpretation, instantaneous attributes (e.g., instantaneous energy and instantaneous frequency) are often utilized for attribute analysis, and they can also be integrated into a new attribute, i.e., the instantaneous centroid frequ...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5305 |
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| author | Xuebing Zhang Zhengchun Song Bonan Li Xuan Feng Jiangang Zhou Yipeng Yu Xin Hu |
| author_facet | Xuebing Zhang Zhengchun Song Bonan Li Xuan Feng Jiangang Zhou Yipeng Yu Xin Hu |
| author_sort | Xuebing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In ground-penetrating radar (GPR) or lunar-penetrating radar (LPR) interpretation, instantaneous attributes (e.g., instantaneous energy and instantaneous frequency) are often utilized for attribute analysis, and they can also be integrated into a new attribute, i.e., the instantaneous centroid frequency. Traditionally, the estimation of instantaneous attributes calls for complex trace analysis or energy operator schemes (e.g., the Teager–Kaiser energy operator, TKEO). In this work, we introduce the 1D higher-order differential energy operator (1D-HODEO) to track instantaneous attributes with better localization. In collocation with the mode decomposition algorithms, the 1D-HODEO performs along each A-scan on the decomposed mode slices to form the final profile of instantaneous centroid frequency by using the piece-wise correlation coefficients. Both a numerical model for simulating two-layer lunar regolith and the LPR Yutu-2 data show that the proposed instantaneous centroid frequency profile on the 1D-HODEO has better resolution, in comparison with that of TKEO and the traditional time-varying centroid frequency. In this work, we present a new approach for extracting instantaneous centroid frequency attributes which provides more comprehensive information in lunar stratigraphic interpretation and LPR attribute analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:29:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9762b93c09dd49c4b11bb4a57173986e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:29:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-9762b93c09dd49c4b11bb4a57173986e2023-11-24T15:04:18ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-11-011522530510.3390/rs15225305The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy OperatorXuebing Zhang0Zhengchun Song1Bonan Li2Xuan Feng3Jiangang Zhou4Yipeng Yu5Xin Hu6School of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, ChinaQingdao Geological Exploration Institute, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Weifang 261021, ChinaJiangxi Transportation Engineering Group Ltd., Nanchang 330038, ChinaSchool of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, ChinaIn ground-penetrating radar (GPR) or lunar-penetrating radar (LPR) interpretation, instantaneous attributes (e.g., instantaneous energy and instantaneous frequency) are often utilized for attribute analysis, and they can also be integrated into a new attribute, i.e., the instantaneous centroid frequency. Traditionally, the estimation of instantaneous attributes calls for complex trace analysis or energy operator schemes (e.g., the Teager–Kaiser energy operator, TKEO). In this work, we introduce the 1D higher-order differential energy operator (1D-HODEO) to track instantaneous attributes with better localization. In collocation with the mode decomposition algorithms, the 1D-HODEO performs along each A-scan on the decomposed mode slices to form the final profile of instantaneous centroid frequency by using the piece-wise correlation coefficients. Both a numerical model for simulating two-layer lunar regolith and the LPR Yutu-2 data show that the proposed instantaneous centroid frequency profile on the 1D-HODEO has better resolution, in comparison with that of TKEO and the traditional time-varying centroid frequency. In this work, we present a new approach for extracting instantaneous centroid frequency attributes which provides more comprehensive information in lunar stratigraphic interpretation and LPR attribute analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5305lunar-penetrating radar (LPR)Chang’E-4 (CE-4)ground-penetrating radar (GPR)instantaneous centroid frequencyTeager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO)1D higher-order differential energy operator (1D-HODEO) |
| spellingShingle | Xuebing Zhang Zhengchun Song Bonan Li Xuan Feng Jiangang Zhou Yipeng Yu Xin Hu The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator Remote Sensing lunar-penetrating radar (LPR) Chang’E-4 (CE-4) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) instantaneous centroid frequency Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) 1D higher-order differential energy operator (1D-HODEO) |
| title | The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator |
| title_full | The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator |
| title_fullStr | The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator |
| title_full_unstemmed | The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator |
| title_short | The LPR Instantaneous Centroid Frequency Attribute Based on the 1D Higher-Order Differential Energy Operator |
| title_sort | lpr instantaneous centroid frequency attribute based on the 1d higher order differential energy operator |
| topic | lunar-penetrating radar (LPR) Chang’E-4 (CE-4) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) instantaneous centroid frequency Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) 1D higher-order differential energy operator (1D-HODEO) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/22/5305 |
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