Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen
In this study, phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the pollen of anemophilous <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> were determined. Spectrophotometric, high-performance thin-layer and liquid chromatography methods were applied. Free phenolic compounds (free PC) and...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/356 |
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| author | Ilona Kerienė Ingrida Šaulienė Laura Šukienė Asta Judžentienė Magdalena Ligor Bogusław Buszewski |
| author_facet | Ilona Kerienė Ingrida Šaulienė Laura Šukienė Asta Judžentienė Magdalena Ligor Bogusław Buszewski |
| author_sort | Ilona Kerienė |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the pollen of anemophilous <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> were determined. Spectrophotometric, high-performance thin-layer and liquid chromatography methods were applied. Free phenolic compounds (free PC) and phenolic compounds bound to the cell wall (bound PC) were analysed in the pollen extracts. Regardless of the pollen species, their content was 20% higher than that in bound PC extracts. <i>Pinus</i> pollen extracts contained 2.5 times less phenolic compounds compared to <i>Betula</i>. Free PC extraction from the deeper layers of <i>Pinus</i> pollen was minimal; the same content of phenolic compounds was obtained in both types of extracts. The bioactivity of pollen (<i>p</i> < 0.05) is related to the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in <i>Betula</i> free PC and in bound PC, and only in free PC extracts of <i>Pinus</i>. Rutin, chlorogenic and trans-ferulic acids were characterised by antioxidant activity. Phenolic acids accounted for 70–94%, while rutin constituted 2–3% of the total amount in the extracts. One of the dominant phenolic acids was trans-ferulic acid in all the <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> samples. The specific compounds were vanillic and chlorogenic acids of <i>Betula</i> pollen extracts, while <i>Pinus</i> extracts contained gallic acid. The data obtained for the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> pollen can be useful for modelling food chains in ecosystems. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:25:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-976f2e82583946c89ad1234ee379091f2023-12-01T00:05:30ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-01-0112235610.3390/plants12020356Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> PollenIlona Kerienė0Ingrida Šaulienė1Laura Šukienė2Asta Judžentienė3Magdalena Ligor4Bogusław Buszewski5Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, LithuaniaRegional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, LithuaniaRegional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, LithuaniaCenter for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, PolandDepartment of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, PolandIn this study, phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the pollen of anemophilous <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> were determined. Spectrophotometric, high-performance thin-layer and liquid chromatography methods were applied. Free phenolic compounds (free PC) and phenolic compounds bound to the cell wall (bound PC) were analysed in the pollen extracts. Regardless of the pollen species, their content was 20% higher than that in bound PC extracts. <i>Pinus</i> pollen extracts contained 2.5 times less phenolic compounds compared to <i>Betula</i>. Free PC extraction from the deeper layers of <i>Pinus</i> pollen was minimal; the same content of phenolic compounds was obtained in both types of extracts. The bioactivity of pollen (<i>p</i> < 0.05) is related to the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in <i>Betula</i> free PC and in bound PC, and only in free PC extracts of <i>Pinus</i>. Rutin, chlorogenic and trans-ferulic acids were characterised by antioxidant activity. Phenolic acids accounted for 70–94%, while rutin constituted 2–3% of the total amount in the extracts. One of the dominant phenolic acids was trans-ferulic acid in all the <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> samples. The specific compounds were vanillic and chlorogenic acids of <i>Betula</i> pollen extracts, while <i>Pinus</i> extracts contained gallic acid. The data obtained for the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> pollen can be useful for modelling food chains in ecosystems.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/356<i>Pinus</i><i>Betula</i>pollenbound phenolic compoundsfree phenolic compoundsbioactivity |
| spellingShingle | Ilona Kerienė Ingrida Šaulienė Laura Šukienė Asta Judžentienė Magdalena Ligor Bogusław Buszewski Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen Plants <i>Pinus</i> <i>Betula</i> pollen bound phenolic compounds free phenolic compounds bioactivity |
| title | Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen |
| title_full | Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen |
| title_fullStr | Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen |
| title_short | Patterns of Phenolic Compounds in <i>Betula</i> and <i>Pinus</i> Pollen |
| title_sort | patterns of phenolic compounds in i betula i and i pinus i pollen |
| topic | <i>Pinus</i> <i>Betula</i> pollen bound phenolic compounds free phenolic compounds bioactivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/356 |
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