Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head and neck region. The carcinogenesis is a complex process stimulated by many factors. Although the etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms are not elucidated, the genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/7/722 |
| _version_ | 1827286912411369472 |
|---|---|
| author | Maria Alina Marin Raluca-Maria Closca Aurel Marin Marina Rakitovan Adrian Nicoara Marioara Poenaru Marius Militaru Flavia Baderca |
| author_facet | Maria Alina Marin Raluca-Maria Closca Aurel Marin Marina Rakitovan Adrian Nicoara Marioara Poenaru Marius Militaru Flavia Baderca |
| author_sort | Maria Alina Marin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head and neck region. The carcinogenesis is a complex process stimulated by many factors. Although the etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms are not elucidated, the genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and association with latent infection with Epstein–Barr Virus play an important role. The aim of this study was to present the main clinical and epidemiological data, as well as the morphological aspects and the immunohistochemical profile, of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed in western Romania. The study was retrospective and included 36 nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The histopathological diagnosis was completed using immunohistochemical reactions for the following antibodies: p63, p53 and p16 protein, cytokeratins (CK) AE1/AE3, CK5, CK7, CK20 and 34βE12, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD20, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD117, and CD1a. The squamous malignant component of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented with positivity for cytokeratins AE1/AE3, CK5, 34βE12, and p63. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma was positive for EMA in 67% of cases, and 28% of cases showed an immunoreaction for CD117 in the malignant epithelial component. Also, the p53 protein was positive in all the cases. One case of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma was p16-positive, and two cases were positive for EBV. A peri- and intratumor cellular infiltrate rich in lymphocytes, with a predominance of CD20-positive B lymphocytes, interspersed with T lymphocytes, was observed. The T cells were CD4- and CD8-positive, predominantly intratumoral, and the CD4:CD8 ratio was 1:1 for 75% of the undifferentiated subtype and 89% for differentiated non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma. All subtypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented with an inflammatory infiltrate with numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and dendritic cells, presenting as antigen CD1a- and CD68-positive, as well as in CD117-positive mast cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:48:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9789f8fd3db2441ca67d2433132e04ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:48:00Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9789f8fd3db2441ca67d2433132e04ca2024-04-12T13:16:47ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-03-0114772210.3390/diagnostics14070722Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of RomaniaMaria Alina Marin0Raluca-Maria Closca1Aurel Marin2Marina Rakitovan3Adrian Nicoara4Marioara Poenaru5Marius Militaru6Flavia Baderca7ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Microscopic Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaENT Department, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Microscopic Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaOro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic, Emergency City Hospital, 300062 Timisoara, RomaniaENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Neuroscience, Discipline of Neurology II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Microscopic Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaNasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head and neck region. The carcinogenesis is a complex process stimulated by many factors. Although the etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms are not elucidated, the genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and association with latent infection with Epstein–Barr Virus play an important role. The aim of this study was to present the main clinical and epidemiological data, as well as the morphological aspects and the immunohistochemical profile, of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed in western Romania. The study was retrospective and included 36 nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The histopathological diagnosis was completed using immunohistochemical reactions for the following antibodies: p63, p53 and p16 protein, cytokeratins (CK) AE1/AE3, CK5, CK7, CK20 and 34βE12, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD20, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD117, and CD1a. The squamous malignant component of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented with positivity for cytokeratins AE1/AE3, CK5, 34βE12, and p63. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma was positive for EMA in 67% of cases, and 28% of cases showed an immunoreaction for CD117 in the malignant epithelial component. Also, the p53 protein was positive in all the cases. One case of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma was p16-positive, and two cases were positive for EBV. A peri- and intratumor cellular infiltrate rich in lymphocytes, with a predominance of CD20-positive B lymphocytes, interspersed with T lymphocytes, was observed. The T cells were CD4- and CD8-positive, predominantly intratumoral, and the CD4:CD8 ratio was 1:1 for 75% of the undifferentiated subtype and 89% for differentiated non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma. All subtypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented with an inflammatory infiltrate with numerous plasma cells, eosinophils, and dendritic cells, presenting as antigen CD1a- and CD68-positive, as well as in CD117-positive mast cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/7/722head and necknasopharyngeal carcinomaundifferentiated carcinomasquamous cell carcinomaimmunohistochemistrycombination approaches |
| spellingShingle | Maria Alina Marin Raluca-Maria Closca Aurel Marin Marina Rakitovan Adrian Nicoara Marioara Poenaru Marius Militaru Flavia Baderca Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania Diagnostics head and neck nasopharyngeal carcinoma undifferentiated carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma immunohistochemistry combination approaches |
| title | Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania |
| title_full | Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania |
| title_fullStr | Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania |
| title_short | Clinical, Epidemiological, Morphological, and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—4-Year Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Romania |
| title_sort | clinical epidemiological morphological and immunohistochemical aspects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4 year retrospective study in the western part of romania |
| topic | head and neck nasopharyngeal carcinoma undifferentiated carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma immunohistochemistry combination approaches |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/7/722 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaalinamarin clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT ralucamariaclosca clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT aurelmarin clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT marinarakitovan clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT adriannicoara clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT marioarapoenaru clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT mariusmilitaru clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania AT flaviabaderca clinicalepidemiologicalmorphologicalandimmunohistochemicalaspectsofnasopharyngealcarcinoma4yearretrospectivestudyinthewesternpartofromania |