Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters
Grid-forming control (GFC) is promising for power electronics based power systems with high renewable energy penetration. Naturally, the impedance modeling for GFC is necessary and has gained significant attention recently. However, most of the impedance analyses for GFC are based on a two-level con...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9808352/ |
| _version_ | 1797818727531544576 |
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| author | Rongcai Pan Guangfu Tang Shan Liu Zhiyuan He |
| author_facet | Rongcai Pan Guangfu Tang Shan Liu Zhiyuan He |
| author_sort | Rongcai Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grid-forming control (GFC) is promising for power electronics based power systems with high renewable energy penetration. Naturally, the impedance modeling for GFC is necessary and has gained significant attention recently. However, most of the impedance analyses for GFC are based on a two-level converter (TLC) rather than a modular multilevel converter (MMC). MMC differs from TLC with respect to its dominant multi-frequency response. It is necessary to analyze the impedance of GFC-based MMC owing to its superiority in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission to interlink two weak AC systems with high renewable energy penetration. As the main contribution, this paper presents the AC- and DC-side impedance analyses for the GFC-based MMC with both power and DC voltage control using the harmonic transfer function (HTF), and compares the impedances of GFC-based MMC and TLC. It is inferred that although the impedance is mainly influenced within 200 Hz, the instability still could occur owing to negative resistance triggered by relatively larger parameters. The difference in AC-side impedance with power and DC voltage control is not apparent with proper parameters, while the DC-side impedance differs significantly. The generalized Nyquist criterion is necessary for AC-side stability owing to the relatively large coupling terms under GFC. Moreover, the coupling between AC- and DC-side impedances is noneligible, especially considering the DC-side resonance around the system resonant peak. The effects of parameters, system strength, and virtual impedance on the impedance shaping are analyzed and verified through simulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:12:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-978d95232c40410085aff93e88899222 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-5420 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:12:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-978d95232c40410085aff93e888992222023-05-26T23:01:07ZengIEEEJournal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2196-54202023-01-0111396797910.35833/MPCE.2021.0006499808352Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel ConvertersRongcai Pan0Guangfu Tang1Shan Liu2Zhiyuan He3China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing,China,100192State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute,Beijing,China,102209State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute,Beijing,China,102209State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute,Beijing,China,102209Grid-forming control (GFC) is promising for power electronics based power systems with high renewable energy penetration. Naturally, the impedance modeling for GFC is necessary and has gained significant attention recently. However, most of the impedance analyses for GFC are based on a two-level converter (TLC) rather than a modular multilevel converter (MMC). MMC differs from TLC with respect to its dominant multi-frequency response. It is necessary to analyze the impedance of GFC-based MMC owing to its superiority in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission to interlink two weak AC systems with high renewable energy penetration. As the main contribution, this paper presents the AC- and DC-side impedance analyses for the GFC-based MMC with both power and DC voltage control using the harmonic transfer function (HTF), and compares the impedances of GFC-based MMC and TLC. It is inferred that although the impedance is mainly influenced within 200 Hz, the instability still could occur owing to negative resistance triggered by relatively larger parameters. The difference in AC-side impedance with power and DC voltage control is not apparent with proper parameters, while the DC-side impedance differs significantly. The generalized Nyquist criterion is necessary for AC-side stability owing to the relatively large coupling terms under GFC. Moreover, the coupling between AC- and DC-side impedances is noneligible, especially considering the DC-side resonance around the system resonant peak. The effects of parameters, system strength, and virtual impedance on the impedance shaping are analyzed and verified through simulations.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9808352/Sequence impedancemodular multilevel converter (MMC)grid-forming control (GFC)harmonic transfer functiongeneralized Nyquist criterion |
| spellingShingle | Rongcai Pan Guangfu Tang Shan Liu Zhiyuan He Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Sequence impedance modular multilevel converter (MMC) grid-forming control (GFC) harmonic transfer function generalized Nyquist criterion |
| title | Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters |
| title_full | Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters |
| title_fullStr | Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters |
| title_short | Impedance Analysis of Grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters |
| title_sort | impedance analysis of grid forming control based modular multilevel converters |
| topic | Sequence impedance modular multilevel converter (MMC) grid-forming control (GFC) harmonic transfer function generalized Nyquist criterion |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9808352/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rongcaipan impedanceanalysisofgridformingcontrolbasedmodularmultilevelconverters AT guangfutang impedanceanalysisofgridformingcontrolbasedmodularmultilevelconverters AT shanliu impedanceanalysisofgridformingcontrolbasedmodularmultilevelconverters AT zhiyuanhe impedanceanalysisofgridformingcontrolbasedmodularmultilevelconverters |