The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study
Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal differences in adenoid size and related mucus levels via endoscopy, as well as to estimate changes in middle ear effusion via tympanometry. Methods: In 205 children with adenoid hypertrophy, endoscopic choanal assessment, adenoid hypertrop...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/23/5603 |
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| author | Krystyna Masna Aleksander Zwierz Krzysztof Domagalski Paweł Burduk |
| author_facet | Krystyna Masna Aleksander Zwierz Krzysztof Domagalski Paweł Burduk |
| author_sort | Krystyna Masna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal differences in adenoid size and related mucus levels via endoscopy, as well as to estimate changes in middle ear effusion via tympanometry. Methods: In 205 children with adenoid hypertrophy, endoscopic choanal assessment, adenoid hypertrophy assessment using the Bolesławska scale, and mucus coverage assessment using the MASNA scale were performed in two different thermal seasons, summer and winter. The study was conducted in two sequences of examination, summer to winter and winter to summer, constituting two separate groups. Additionally, in order to measure changes in middle ear effusion, tympanometry was performed. Results: Overall, 99 (48.29%) girls and 106 (51.71%) boys, age 2–12 (4.46 ± 1.56) were included in the study. The first group, examined in summer (S/W group), included 100 (48.78%) children, while the group first examined in winter (W/S group) contained 105 (51.22%) children. No significant relationship was observed between the respective degrees of adenoid hypertrophy as measures by the Bolesławska scale between the S/W and W/S groups in winter (<i>p</i> = 0.817) and in summer (<i>p</i> = 0.432). The degrees of mucus coverage of the adenoids using the MASNA scale and tympanograms were also comparable in summer (<i>p</i> = 0.382 and <i>p</i> = 0.757, respectively) and in winter (<i>p</i> = 0.315 and <i>p</i> = 0.252, respectively) between the S/W and W/S groups. In the total sample, analyses of the degrees of adenoid hypertrophy using the Bolesławska three-step scale for seasonality showed that patients analysed in the summer do not differ significantly when compared to patients analysed in the winter (4.39%/57.56%/38.05% vs. 4.88%/54.63%/40.49%, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.565). In contrast, the amount of mucus on the adenoids increased in winter on the MASNA scale (<i>p</i> = 0.000759). In addition, the results of tympanometry showed deterioration of middle ear function in the winter (<i>p</i> = 0.0000149). Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the thermal seasons did not influence the size of the pharyngeal tonsils. The increase and change in mucus coverage of the adenoids and deterioration of middle ear tympanometry in winter may be the cause of seasonal clinical deterioration in children, rather than tonsillar hypertrophy. The MASNA scale was found to be useful for comparing endoscopy results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:51:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-97922c62abc546a0a33da0e6587f9774 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:51:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-97922c62abc546a0a33da0e6587f97742023-11-23T02:36:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-11-011023560310.3390/jcm10235603The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort StudyKrystyna Masna0Aleksander Zwierz1Krzysztof Domagalski2Paweł Burduk3Department of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, PolandBackground: The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal differences in adenoid size and related mucus levels via endoscopy, as well as to estimate changes in middle ear effusion via tympanometry. Methods: In 205 children with adenoid hypertrophy, endoscopic choanal assessment, adenoid hypertrophy assessment using the Bolesławska scale, and mucus coverage assessment using the MASNA scale were performed in two different thermal seasons, summer and winter. The study was conducted in two sequences of examination, summer to winter and winter to summer, constituting two separate groups. Additionally, in order to measure changes in middle ear effusion, tympanometry was performed. Results: Overall, 99 (48.29%) girls and 106 (51.71%) boys, age 2–12 (4.46 ± 1.56) were included in the study. The first group, examined in summer (S/W group), included 100 (48.78%) children, while the group first examined in winter (W/S group) contained 105 (51.22%) children. No significant relationship was observed between the respective degrees of adenoid hypertrophy as measures by the Bolesławska scale between the S/W and W/S groups in winter (<i>p</i> = 0.817) and in summer (<i>p</i> = 0.432). The degrees of mucus coverage of the adenoids using the MASNA scale and tympanograms were also comparable in summer (<i>p</i> = 0.382 and <i>p</i> = 0.757, respectively) and in winter (<i>p</i> = 0.315 and <i>p</i> = 0.252, respectively) between the S/W and W/S groups. In the total sample, analyses of the degrees of adenoid hypertrophy using the Bolesławska three-step scale for seasonality showed that patients analysed in the summer do not differ significantly when compared to patients analysed in the winter (4.39%/57.56%/38.05% vs. 4.88%/54.63%/40.49%, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.565). In contrast, the amount of mucus on the adenoids increased in winter on the MASNA scale (<i>p</i> = 0.000759). In addition, the results of tympanometry showed deterioration of middle ear function in the winter (<i>p</i> = 0.0000149). Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the thermal seasons did not influence the size of the pharyngeal tonsils. The increase and change in mucus coverage of the adenoids and deterioration of middle ear tympanometry in winter may be the cause of seasonal clinical deterioration in children, rather than tonsillar hypertrophy. The MASNA scale was found to be useful for comparing endoscopy results.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/23/5603adenoid hypertrophyseasonsmucus on adenoidOMEtympanometry |
| spellingShingle | Krystyna Masna Aleksander Zwierz Krzysztof Domagalski Paweł Burduk The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study Journal of Clinical Medicine adenoid hypertrophy seasons mucus on adenoid OME tympanometry |
| title | The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study |
| title_full | The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study |
| title_short | The Impact of the Thermal Seasons on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study |
| title_sort | impact of the thermal seasons on adenoid size its mucus coverage and otitis media with effusion a cohort study |
| topic | adenoid hypertrophy seasons mucus on adenoid OME tympanometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/23/5603 |
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