A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach
The acquisition of resistance to traditional chemotherapy and the chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease both play a key role in the treatment failure and poor prognosis of cancer. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical to improve p...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4487 |
| _version_ | 1797615259397128192 |
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| author | Belén Toledo Aitor González-Titos Pablo Hernández-Camarero Macarena Perán |
| author_facet | Belén Toledo Aitor González-Titos Pablo Hernández-Camarero Macarena Perán |
| author_sort | Belén Toledo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The acquisition of resistance to traditional chemotherapy and the chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease both play a key role in the treatment failure and poor prognosis of cancer. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical to improve patient survival rate. Here, we briefly describe the technical approach directed at obtaining chemoresistant cell lines and we will focus on the main defense mechanisms against common chemotherapy triggers by tumor cells. Such as, the alteration of drug influx/efflux, the enhancement of drug metabolic neutralization, the improvement of DNA-repair mechanisms, the inhibition of apoptosis-related cell death, and the role of <i>p53</i> and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in chemoresistance. Furthermore, we will focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs), the cell population that subsists after chemotherapy, increasing drug resistance by different processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an enhanced DNA repair machinery, and the capacity to avoid apoptosis mediated by BCL2 family proteins, such as BCL-XL, and the flexibility of their metabolism. Finally, we will review the latest approaches aimed at decreasing CSCs. Nevertheless, the development of long-term therapies to manage and control CSCs populations within the tumors is still necessary. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:23:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97a3633b00794c4c8ce5982adbafcdd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:23:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-97a3633b00794c4c8ce5982adbafcdd82023-11-17T07:49:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01245448710.3390/ijms24054487A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative ApproachBelén Toledo0Aitor González-Titos1Pablo Hernández-Camarero2Macarena Perán3Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, SpainThe acquisition of resistance to traditional chemotherapy and the chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease both play a key role in the treatment failure and poor prognosis of cancer. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical to improve patient survival rate. Here, we briefly describe the technical approach directed at obtaining chemoresistant cell lines and we will focus on the main defense mechanisms against common chemotherapy triggers by tumor cells. Such as, the alteration of drug influx/efflux, the enhancement of drug metabolic neutralization, the improvement of DNA-repair mechanisms, the inhibition of apoptosis-related cell death, and the role of <i>p53</i> and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in chemoresistance. Furthermore, we will focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs), the cell population that subsists after chemotherapy, increasing drug resistance by different processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an enhanced DNA repair machinery, and the capacity to avoid apoptosis mediated by BCL2 family proteins, such as BCL-XL, and the flexibility of their metabolism. Finally, we will review the latest approaches aimed at decreasing CSCs. Nevertheless, the development of long-term therapies to manage and control CSCs populations within the tumors is still necessary.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4487chemoresistanceDNA-damaging drugscancer stem cellsdrug metabolism<i>p53</i>reactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Belén Toledo Aitor González-Titos Pablo Hernández-Camarero Macarena Perán A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach International Journal of Molecular Sciences chemoresistance DNA-damaging drugs cancer stem cells drug metabolism <i>p53</i> reactive oxygen species |
| title | A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach |
| title_full | A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach |
| title_fullStr | A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach |
| title_short | A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach |
| title_sort | brief review on chemoresistance targeting cancer stem cells as an alternative approach |
| topic | chemoresistance DNA-damaging drugs cancer stem cells drug metabolism <i>p53</i> reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4487 |
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