Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses
Green chrysanthemums are difficult to breed but have high commercial value. The molecular basis for the green petal color in chrysanthemum is not fully understood. This was investigated in the present study by RNA sequencing analysis of white and green ray florets collected at three stages of flower...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/3/449 |
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| author | Hansen Fu Tuo Zeng Yangyang Zhao Tingting Luo Huijie Deng Chenwei Meng Jing Luo Caiyun Wang |
| author_facet | Hansen Fu Tuo Zeng Yangyang Zhao Tingting Luo Huijie Deng Chenwei Meng Jing Luo Caiyun Wang |
| author_sort | Hansen Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green chrysanthemums are difficult to breed but have high commercial value. The molecular basis for the green petal color in chrysanthemum is not fully understood. This was investigated in the present study by RNA sequencing analysis of white and green ray florets collected at three stages of flower development from the F<sub>1</sub> progeny of the cross between <i>Chrysanthemum × morifolium</i> “Lüdingdang” with green-petaled flowers and <i>Chrysanthemum vistitum</i> with white-petaled flowers. The chlorophyll content was higher and chloroplast degradation was slower in green pools than in white pools at each developmental stage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes that were differentially expressed between the two pools were enriched in pathways related to chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis. We identified the transcription factor genes <i>CmCOLa</i>, <i>CmCOLb</i>, <i>CmERF</i>, and <i>CmbHLH</i> as regulators of the green flower color in chrysanthemum by differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. These findings can guide future efforts to improve the color palette of chrysanthemum flowers through genetic engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97a3d2beca944998a2953c882aaecdc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-97a3d2beca944998a2953c882aaecdc62023-11-21T11:23:16ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-03-0112344910.3390/genes12030449Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network AnalysesHansen Fu0Tuo Zeng1Yangyang Zhao2Tingting Luo3Huijie Deng4Chenwei Meng5Jing Luo6Caiyun Wang7Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaGreen chrysanthemums are difficult to breed but have high commercial value. The molecular basis for the green petal color in chrysanthemum is not fully understood. This was investigated in the present study by RNA sequencing analysis of white and green ray florets collected at three stages of flower development from the F<sub>1</sub> progeny of the cross between <i>Chrysanthemum × morifolium</i> “Lüdingdang” with green-petaled flowers and <i>Chrysanthemum vistitum</i> with white-petaled flowers. The chlorophyll content was higher and chloroplast degradation was slower in green pools than in white pools at each developmental stage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes that were differentially expressed between the two pools were enriched in pathways related to chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis. We identified the transcription factor genes <i>CmCOLa</i>, <i>CmCOLb</i>, <i>CmERF</i>, and <i>CmbHLH</i> as regulators of the green flower color in chrysanthemum by differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. These findings can guide future efforts to improve the color palette of chrysanthemum flowers through genetic engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/3/449florist’s chrysanthemumgreen ray floretsegregating populationtranscriptomephotosynthesischlorophyll metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Hansen Fu Tuo Zeng Yangyang Zhao Tingting Luo Huijie Deng Chenwei Meng Jing Luo Caiyun Wang Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses Genes florist’s chrysanthemum green ray floret segregating population transcriptome photosynthesis chlorophyll metabolism |
| title | Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses |
| title_full | Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses |
| title_short | Identification of Chlorophyll Metabolism- and Photosynthesis-Related Genes Regulating Green Flower Color in Chrysanthemum by Integrative Transcriptome and Weighted Correlation Network Analyses |
| title_sort | identification of chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis related genes regulating green flower color in chrysanthemum by integrative transcriptome and weighted correlation network analyses |
| topic | florist’s chrysanthemum green ray floret segregating population transcriptome photosynthesis chlorophyll metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/3/449 |
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