Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide
In this study the preparation of hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conjugated copolymers is reported. By tuning the number and arrangement of thiophenes in the main chain (indacenothiophene or indacenothienothiophene) and the nature of the polymer acceptor (difluoro benzothi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5292 |
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| author | Alexandros Ch. Lazanas Athanasios Katsouras Michael Spanos Gkreti-Maria Manesi Ioannis Moutsios Dmitry V. Vashurkin Dimitrios Moschovas Christina Gioti Michail A. Karakassides Vasilis G. Gregoriou Dimitri A. Ivanov Christos L. Chochos Apostolos Avgeropoulos |
| author_facet | Alexandros Ch. Lazanas Athanasios Katsouras Michael Spanos Gkreti-Maria Manesi Ioannis Moutsios Dmitry V. Vashurkin Dimitrios Moschovas Christina Gioti Michail A. Karakassides Vasilis G. Gregoriou Dimitri A. Ivanov Christos L. Chochos Apostolos Avgeropoulos |
| author_sort | Alexandros Ch. Lazanas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study the preparation of hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conjugated copolymers is reported. By tuning the number and arrangement of thiophenes in the main chain (indacenothiophene or indacenothienothiophene) and the nature of the polymer acceptor (difluoro benzothiadiazole or diketopyrrolopyrrole) semiconducting copolymers were synthesized through Stille aromatic coupling and characterized to determine their molecular characteristics. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the Staudenmaier method and was further modified to reduced graphene oxide prior to structural characterization. Various mixtures with different rGO quantities and conjugated copolymers were prepared to determine the optoelectronic, thermal and morphological properties. An increase in the maximum absorbance ranging from 3 to 6 nm for all hybrid materials irrespective of the rGO concentration, when compared to the pristine conjugated copolymers, was estimated through the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating a differentiation on the optical properties. Through voltammetric experiments the oxidation and reduction potentials were determined and the calculated HOMO and LUMO levels revealed a decrease on the electrochemical energy gap for low rGO concentrations. The study indicates the potential of the hybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide and high band gap conjugated copolymers for applications related to organic solar cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97a5d5567f0a405db04126b4c313ca58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-97a5d5567f0a405db04126b4c313ca582023-11-24T12:01:42ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-12-011423529210.3390/polym14235292Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene OxideAlexandros Ch. Lazanas0Athanasios Katsouras1Michael Spanos2Gkreti-Maria Manesi3Ioannis Moutsios4Dmitry V. Vashurkin5Dimitrios Moschovas6Christina Gioti7Michail A. Karakassides8Vasilis G. Gregoriou9Dimitri A. Ivanov10Christos L. Chochos11Apostolos Avgeropoulos12Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceFaculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceNational Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, GreeceInstitut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, FranceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceIn this study the preparation of hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conjugated copolymers is reported. By tuning the number and arrangement of thiophenes in the main chain (indacenothiophene or indacenothienothiophene) and the nature of the polymer acceptor (difluoro benzothiadiazole or diketopyrrolopyrrole) semiconducting copolymers were synthesized through Stille aromatic coupling and characterized to determine their molecular characteristics. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the Staudenmaier method and was further modified to reduced graphene oxide prior to structural characterization. Various mixtures with different rGO quantities and conjugated copolymers were prepared to determine the optoelectronic, thermal and morphological properties. An increase in the maximum absorbance ranging from 3 to 6 nm for all hybrid materials irrespective of the rGO concentration, when compared to the pristine conjugated copolymers, was estimated through the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating a differentiation on the optical properties. Through voltammetric experiments the oxidation and reduction potentials were determined and the calculated HOMO and LUMO levels revealed a decrease on the electrochemical energy gap for low rGO concentrations. The study indicates the potential of the hybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide and high band gap conjugated copolymers for applications related to organic solar cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5292hybrid materialsconjugated copolymersrGOHOMOLUMOindacenothiophene |
| spellingShingle | Alexandros Ch. Lazanas Athanasios Katsouras Michael Spanos Gkreti-Maria Manesi Ioannis Moutsios Dmitry V. Vashurkin Dimitrios Moschovas Christina Gioti Michail A. Karakassides Vasilis G. Gregoriou Dimitri A. Ivanov Christos L. Chochos Apostolos Avgeropoulos Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide Polymers hybrid materials conjugated copolymers rGO HOMO LUMO indacenothiophene |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of hybrid materials derived from conjugated copolymers and reduced graphene oxide |
| topic | hybrid materials conjugated copolymers rGO HOMO LUMO indacenothiophene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5292 |
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