The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway
Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, concurrent anxiety, alcohol use disorder and depression. The relationship between PTSD and cardiometabolic diseases are still unclear, and less is known about the effects of socioeconomic status, co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04866-x |
| _version_ | 1797822749563944960 |
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| author | Grethe Emilie Roer Lars Lien Ingeborg Bolstad Jan O. Aaseth Dawit Shawel Abebe |
| author_facet | Grethe Emilie Roer Lars Lien Ingeborg Bolstad Jan O. Aaseth Dawit Shawel Abebe |
| author_sort | Grethe Emilie Roer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, concurrent anxiety, alcohol use disorder and depression. The relationship between PTSD and cardiometabolic diseases are still unclear, and less is known about the effects of socioeconomic status, comorbid anxiety, comorbid alcohol use disorder and comorbid depression. The study, therefore, aims to examine the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus over time in PTSD patients, and to what extent socioeconomic status, comorbid anxiety, comorbid alcohol use disorder and comorbid depression attenuate associations between PTSD and risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Method A retrospective, register-based cohort study with 6-years follow-up of adult (> 18 years) PTSD patients (N = 7 852) compared with the general population (N = 4 041 366), was performed. Data were acquired from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistic Norway. Cox proportional regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) (99% confidence intervals) of cardiometabolic diseases among PTSD patients. Results Significantly (p < 0.001) higher age and gender adjusted HRs were disclosed for all cardiometabolic diseases among PTSD patients compared to the population without PTSD, with a variation in HR from 3.5 (99% CI 3.1–3.9) for hypertensive diseases to HR = 6.5 (5.7–7.5) for obesity. When adjusted for socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders, reductions were observed, especially for comorbid depression, for which the adjustment resulted in HR reduction of about 48.6% for hypertensive diseases and 67.7% for obesity. Conclusions PTSD was associated with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, though attenuated by socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders. Health care professionals should be attentive towards the burden and increased risk that low socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders may represent for PTSD patients’ cardiometabolic health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:13:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97a610248237401b878ebedf20ec54ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:13:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-97a610248237401b878ebedf20ec54ad2023-05-21T11:22:48ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2023-05-012311910.1186/s12888-023-04866-xThe impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in NorwayGrethe Emilie Roer0Lars Lien1Ingeborg Bolstad2Jan O. Aaseth3Dawit Shawel Abebe4Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital TrustNorwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital TrustFaculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied SciencesFaculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied SciencesNorwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital TrustAbstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, concurrent anxiety, alcohol use disorder and depression. The relationship between PTSD and cardiometabolic diseases are still unclear, and less is known about the effects of socioeconomic status, comorbid anxiety, comorbid alcohol use disorder and comorbid depression. The study, therefore, aims to examine the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus over time in PTSD patients, and to what extent socioeconomic status, comorbid anxiety, comorbid alcohol use disorder and comorbid depression attenuate associations between PTSD and risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Method A retrospective, register-based cohort study with 6-years follow-up of adult (> 18 years) PTSD patients (N = 7 852) compared with the general population (N = 4 041 366), was performed. Data were acquired from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistic Norway. Cox proportional regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) (99% confidence intervals) of cardiometabolic diseases among PTSD patients. Results Significantly (p < 0.001) higher age and gender adjusted HRs were disclosed for all cardiometabolic diseases among PTSD patients compared to the population without PTSD, with a variation in HR from 3.5 (99% CI 3.1–3.9) for hypertensive diseases to HR = 6.5 (5.7–7.5) for obesity. When adjusted for socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders, reductions were observed, especially for comorbid depression, for which the adjustment resulted in HR reduction of about 48.6% for hypertensive diseases and 67.7% for obesity. Conclusions PTSD was associated with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, though attenuated by socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders. Health care professionals should be attentive towards the burden and increased risk that low socioeconomic status and comorbid mental disorders may represent for PTSD patients’ cardiometabolic health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04866-xPosttraumatic stress disorderAlcohol use disorderDepressionComorbidityCardiovascular diseasesMetabolic diseases |
| spellingShingle | Grethe Emilie Roer Lars Lien Ingeborg Bolstad Jan O. Aaseth Dawit Shawel Abebe The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway BMC Psychiatry Posttraumatic stress disorder Alcohol use disorder Depression Comorbidity Cardiovascular diseases Metabolic diseases |
| title | The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway |
| title_full | The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway |
| title_fullStr | The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway |
| title_short | The impact of PTSD on risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a national patient cohort study in Norway |
| title_sort | impact of ptsd on risk of cardiometabolic diseases a national patient cohort study in norway |
| topic | Posttraumatic stress disorder Alcohol use disorder Depression Comorbidity Cardiovascular diseases Metabolic diseases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04866-x |
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