Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India
Abstract In recent years, the extraction of groundwater (GW) in coastal aquifers has rendered the fragile aquifers more saline due to the sea water intrusion. Groundwater from the coastal aquifers of the Pudhucherry region were sampled to study the process of salinization. An integrated approach was...
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Springer
2021-04-01
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| Series: | SN Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04551-2 |
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| author | Thilagavathi Rajendiran Chidambaram Sabarathinam Thivya Chandrasekar Banajarani Panda Mahalakshmi Mathivanan Ganesh Nagappan Devaraj Natesan Meenu Ghai Dhiraj Kumar Singh Ramanathan Alagappan |
| author_facet | Thilagavathi Rajendiran Chidambaram Sabarathinam Thivya Chandrasekar Banajarani Panda Mahalakshmi Mathivanan Ganesh Nagappan Devaraj Natesan Meenu Ghai Dhiraj Kumar Singh Ramanathan Alagappan |
| author_sort | Thilagavathi Rajendiran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In recent years, the extraction of groundwater (GW) in coastal aquifers has rendered the fragile aquifers more saline due to the sea water intrusion. Groundwater from the coastal aquifers of the Pudhucherry region were sampled to study the process of salinization. An integrated approach was adopted to identify the salinization process, by coordinating the results of borehole geophysics, rainfall pattern, water level variation, hydrochemical characters and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 136 groundwater samples were collected during two different seasons, southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM). The major cations and anions were analyzed adopting standard procedures. Resistivity and litholog indicate that the southeastern (SE) part of the study region has lower resistivity than in north. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) values, most of the samples are potable, except for few samples from southeastern region. The study results indicated that higher values of Na, EC, K, SO4, Mg and Cl were observed during NEM, indicating leaching of salt into the aquifer and ion exchange process. The predominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater was Na-Cl and Ca–Mg–Cl type reflecting the saline water and the mixing process of saltwater and fresh groundwater, respectively. Though more number of samples with higher EC was noted in NEM, the results of PCA and correlation analysis indicate the predominance of leaching of salts and intense agricultural activities. The process of sea water intrusion was observed to be dominant during SWM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:05:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97b872e4a8814157b7b957d0d4066695 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2523-3963 2523-3971 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:05:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SN Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-97b872e4a8814157b7b957d0d40666952022-12-21T22:42:44ZengSpringerSN Applied Sciences2523-39632523-39712021-04-013511510.1007/s42452-021-04551-2Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of IndiaThilagavathi Rajendiran0Chidambaram Sabarathinam1Thivya Chandrasekar2Banajarani Panda3Mahalakshmi Mathivanan4Ganesh Nagappan5Devaraj Natesan6Meenu Ghai7Dhiraj Kumar Singh8Ramanathan Alagappan9Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai UniversityDepartment of Earth Sciences, Annamalai UniversityDepartment of Geology, Madras UniversityDepartment of Earth Sciences, Annamalai UniversitySchool of Civil Engineering, Sastra Deemed University, Tamil NaduDepartment of Earth Sciences, Annamalai UniversityDepartment of Earth Sciences, Annamalai UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Kishan Lal Public College RewariGrass Roots Research and Creation India (P) LtdSchool of Environmental Sciences, JNUAbstract In recent years, the extraction of groundwater (GW) in coastal aquifers has rendered the fragile aquifers more saline due to the sea water intrusion. Groundwater from the coastal aquifers of the Pudhucherry region were sampled to study the process of salinization. An integrated approach was adopted to identify the salinization process, by coordinating the results of borehole geophysics, rainfall pattern, water level variation, hydrochemical characters and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 136 groundwater samples were collected during two different seasons, southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM). The major cations and anions were analyzed adopting standard procedures. Resistivity and litholog indicate that the southeastern (SE) part of the study region has lower resistivity than in north. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) values, most of the samples are potable, except for few samples from southeastern region. The study results indicated that higher values of Na, EC, K, SO4, Mg and Cl were observed during NEM, indicating leaching of salt into the aquifer and ion exchange process. The predominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater was Na-Cl and Ca–Mg–Cl type reflecting the saline water and the mixing process of saltwater and fresh groundwater, respectively. Though more number of samples with higher EC was noted in NEM, the results of PCA and correlation analysis indicate the predominance of leaching of salts and intense agricultural activities. The process of sea water intrusion was observed to be dominant during SWM.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04551-2GroundwaterSaline water intrusionFresh waterFactor score |
| spellingShingle | Thilagavathi Rajendiran Chidambaram Sabarathinam Thivya Chandrasekar Banajarani Panda Mahalakshmi Mathivanan Ganesh Nagappan Devaraj Natesan Meenu Ghai Dhiraj Kumar Singh Ramanathan Alagappan Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India SN Applied Sciences Groundwater Saline water intrusion Fresh water Factor score |
| title | Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India |
| title_full | Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India |
| title_fullStr | Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India |
| title_short | Geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of India |
| title_sort | geochemical variations due to salinization in groundwater along the southeast coast of india |
| topic | Groundwater Saline water intrusion Fresh water Factor score |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04551-2 |
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