Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term kidney damage caused by gradual loss of essential kidney functions. A global health issue, CKD affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are often not apparent in the early stages, and if left untreated, CKD can progress to end-stage kidney d...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1041327/full |
| _version_ | 1797955366706741248 |
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| author | Melanie Tepus Elisa Tonoli Elisabetta A. M. Verderio Elisabetta A. M. Verderio |
| author_facet | Melanie Tepus Elisa Tonoli Elisabetta A. M. Verderio Elisabetta A. M. Verderio |
| author_sort | Melanie Tepus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term kidney damage caused by gradual loss of essential kidney functions. A global health issue, CKD affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are often not apparent in the early stages, and if left untreated, CKD can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), also known as kidney failure, when the only possible treatments are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The end point of nearly all forms of CKD is kidney fibrosis, a process of unsuccessful wound-healing of kidney tissue. Detection of kidney fibrosis, therefore, often means detection of CKD. Renal biopsy remains the best test for renal scarring, despite being intrinsically limited by its invasiveness and sampling bias. Urine is a desirable source of fibrosis biomarkers as it can be easily obtained in a non-invasive way and in large volumes. Besides, urine contains biomolecules filtered through the glomeruli, mirroring the pathological state. There is, however, a problem of highly abundant urinary proteins that can mask rare disease biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which originate from renal cells and carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are an attractive source of potential rare CKD biomarkers. Their cargo consists of low-abundant proteins but highly concentrated in a nanosize-volume, as well as molecules too large to be filtered from plasma. Combining molecular profiling data (protein and miRNAs) of uEVs, isolated from patients affected by various forms of CKD, this review considers the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of uEVs biomarkers and their potential application in the translation of new experimental antifibrotic therapeutics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:33:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97c11a6c07674a55a57cf3650739edf8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:33:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-97c11a6c07674a55a57cf3650739edf82023-01-12T04:27:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122023-01-011310.3389/fphar.2022.10413271041327Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosisMelanie Tepus0Elisa Tonoli1Elisabetta A. M. Verderio2Elisabetta A. M. Verderio3Centre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomCentre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomCentre for Health, Ageing and the Understanding of Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term kidney damage caused by gradual loss of essential kidney functions. A global health issue, CKD affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are often not apparent in the early stages, and if left untreated, CKD can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), also known as kidney failure, when the only possible treatments are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The end point of nearly all forms of CKD is kidney fibrosis, a process of unsuccessful wound-healing of kidney tissue. Detection of kidney fibrosis, therefore, often means detection of CKD. Renal biopsy remains the best test for renal scarring, despite being intrinsically limited by its invasiveness and sampling bias. Urine is a desirable source of fibrosis biomarkers as it can be easily obtained in a non-invasive way and in large volumes. Besides, urine contains biomolecules filtered through the glomeruli, mirroring the pathological state. There is, however, a problem of highly abundant urinary proteins that can mask rare disease biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which originate from renal cells and carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are an attractive source of potential rare CKD biomarkers. Their cargo consists of low-abundant proteins but highly concentrated in a nanosize-volume, as well as molecules too large to be filtered from plasma. Combining molecular profiling data (protein and miRNAs) of uEVs, isolated from patients affected by various forms of CKD, this review considers the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of uEVs biomarkers and their potential application in the translation of new experimental antifibrotic therapeutics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1041327/fullkidneyrenal fibrosisurinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs)biomarkerschronic kidney disease (CKD)urine |
| spellingShingle | Melanie Tepus Elisa Tonoli Elisabetta A. M. Verderio Elisabetta A. M. Verderio Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis Frontiers in Pharmacology kidney renal fibrosis urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) biomarkers chronic kidney disease (CKD) urine |
| title | Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis |
| title_full | Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis |
| title_fullStr | Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis |
| title_short | Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis |
| title_sort | molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis |
| topic | kidney renal fibrosis urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) biomarkers chronic kidney disease (CKD) urine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1041327/full |
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