Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination as public health problem through morbidity management and preventive annual mass drug administration (MDA). This cross-sectional community-based surveillance assessed the prevalence and correlates of LF infection in M...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1550 |
| _version_ | 1797567373617659904 |
|---|---|
| author | Adam M. Fimbo Omary M.S. Minzi Bruno P. Mmbando Abbie Barry Alex F. Nkayamba Kissa W. Mwamwitwa Alpha Malishee Misago D. Seth Williams H. Makunde Parthasarathi Gurumurthy John P.A. Lusingu Appolinary A.R. Kamuhabwa Eleni Aklillu |
| author_facet | Adam M. Fimbo Omary M.S. Minzi Bruno P. Mmbando Abbie Barry Alex F. Nkayamba Kissa W. Mwamwitwa Alpha Malishee Misago D. Seth Williams H. Makunde Parthasarathi Gurumurthy John P.A. Lusingu Appolinary A.R. Kamuhabwa Eleni Aklillu |
| author_sort | Adam M. Fimbo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination as public health problem through morbidity management and preventive annual mass drug administration (MDA). This cross-sectional community-based surveillance assessed the prevalence and correlates of LF infection in Mkinga district, Tanga-region, Tanzania. A total of 4115 individuals (49.7% males, 35.2% children) were screened for circulating filarial antigens (CFA), microfilaremia (mf) and disease manifestations in 15 villages between November 2018 and January 2019. MDA uptake in the previous year was assessed. Overall prevalence of CFA-positivity was 5.8% (239/4115; 95% CI: 5.1–6.6), with significant heterogeneity between villages (range 1.2% to 13.5%). CFA-positivity was higher in males (8.8%) than females (3.3%), and correlated with increasing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Prevalence of mf among CFA-positives was 5.2%. Only 60% of eligible inhabitants in the study area took MDA in the previous year, and CFA-positivity was 2-fold higher in those who missed MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Prevalence of scrotal enlargement, hydrocele, arms or legs swelling, lymphoedema and lymphadenopathy was 6.4%, 3.7%, 1.35%, 1.2% and 0.32%, respectively. Compared to baseline data, 16 years of MDA intervention significantly reduced LF transmission and morbidity, although the intended elimination target of <1% mf and <2% antigenemia to level where recrudescence is unlikely to occur by the year 2020 may not be attained. The finding of hotspots with ongoing transmission calls for intensified control measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:42:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97c16df948b040598c13ebfde8484081 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:42:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-97c16df948b040598c13ebfde84840812023-11-20T01:11:54ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-05-0195155010.3390/jcm9051550Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern TanzaniaAdam M. Fimbo0Omary M.S. Minzi1Bruno P. Mmbando2Abbie Barry3Alex F. Nkayamba4Kissa W. Mwamwitwa5Alpha Malishee6Misago D. Seth7Williams H. Makunde8Parthasarathi Gurumurthy9John P.A. Lusingu10Appolinary A.R. Kamuhabwa11Eleni Aklillu12Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 65001, TanzaniaNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga, P.O. Box 5004, TanzaniaDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, SwedenTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 77150, TanzaniaTanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 77150, TanzaniaNeglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, Dar es Salaam 40478, P.O. Box 743, TanzaniaNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga, P.O. Box 5004, TanzaniaNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga, P.O. Box 5004, TanzaniaPharmacovigilance and Clinical Trials, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone 999106, BotswanaNational Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga, P.O. Box 5004, TanzaniaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 65001, TanzaniaDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, SwedenLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination as public health problem through morbidity management and preventive annual mass drug administration (MDA). This cross-sectional community-based surveillance assessed the prevalence and correlates of LF infection in Mkinga district, Tanga-region, Tanzania. A total of 4115 individuals (49.7% males, 35.2% children) were screened for circulating filarial antigens (CFA), microfilaremia (mf) and disease manifestations in 15 villages between November 2018 and January 2019. MDA uptake in the previous year was assessed. Overall prevalence of CFA-positivity was 5.8% (239/4115; 95% CI: 5.1–6.6), with significant heterogeneity between villages (range 1.2% to 13.5%). CFA-positivity was higher in males (8.8%) than females (3.3%), and correlated with increasing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Prevalence of mf among CFA-positives was 5.2%. Only 60% of eligible inhabitants in the study area took MDA in the previous year, and CFA-positivity was 2-fold higher in those who missed MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Prevalence of scrotal enlargement, hydrocele, arms or legs swelling, lymphoedema and lymphadenopathy was 6.4%, 3.7%, 1.35%, 1.2% and 0.32%, respectively. Compared to baseline data, 16 years of MDA intervention significantly reduced LF transmission and morbidity, although the intended elimination target of <1% mf and <2% antigenemia to level where recrudescence is unlikely to occur by the year 2020 may not be attained. The finding of hotspots with ongoing transmission calls for intensified control measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1550circulatingfilarial antigenmicrofilaremiaantigenemiamass drug administrationivermectinalbendazole |
| spellingShingle | Adam M. Fimbo Omary M.S. Minzi Bruno P. Mmbando Abbie Barry Alex F. Nkayamba Kissa W. Mwamwitwa Alpha Malishee Misago D. Seth Williams H. Makunde Parthasarathi Gurumurthy John P.A. Lusingu Appolinary A.R. Kamuhabwa Eleni Aklillu Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania Journal of Clinical Medicine circulatingfilarial antigen microfilaremia antigenemia mass drug administration ivermectin albendazole |
| title | Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania |
| title_full | Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania |
| title_short | Prevalence and Correlates of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Its Morbidity Following Mass Ivermectin and Albendazole Administration in Mkinga District, North-Eastern Tanzania |
| title_sort | prevalence and correlates of lymphatic filariasis infection and its morbidity following mass ivermectin and albendazole administration in mkinga district north eastern tanzania |
| topic | circulatingfilarial antigen microfilaremia antigenemia mass drug administration ivermectin albendazole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/5/1550 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adammfimbo prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT omarymsminzi prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT brunopmmbando prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT abbiebarry prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT alexfnkayamba prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT kissawmwamwitwa prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT alphamalishee prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT misagodseth prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT williamshmakunde prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT parthasarathigurumurthy prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT johnpalusingu prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT appolinaryarkamuhabwa prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania AT eleniaklillu prevalenceandcorrelatesoflymphaticfilariasisinfectionanditsmorbidityfollowingmassivermectinandalbendazoleadministrationinmkingadistrictnortheasterntanzania |