Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry
Seaweeds have been incorporated in the daily diet of several human cultures since ancient times, due to their nutritional characteristics and healthy properties. The brown seaweeds <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, <i>Saccharina latissima</i>, <i>Sacchoriza polyschides</i&...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| author | Diana Pacheco Giuseppe Miranda Carolina P. Rocha Rosinda L. Pato João Cotas Ana M. M. Gonçalves Sandra M. Dias Santos Kiril Bahcevandziev Leonel Pereira |
| author_facet | Diana Pacheco Giuseppe Miranda Carolina P. Rocha Rosinda L. Pato João Cotas Ana M. M. Gonçalves Sandra M. Dias Santos Kiril Bahcevandziev Leonel Pereira |
| author_sort | Diana Pacheco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seaweeds have been incorporated in the daily diet of several human cultures since ancient times, due to their nutritional characteristics and healthy properties. The brown seaweeds <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, <i>Saccharina latissima</i>, <i>Sacchoriza polyschides</i>, and <i>Laminaria ochroleuca</i> were collected in the Viana do Castelo (Portugal) bay to assess their proximate composition analysis. As a result, the algal biomass was dried, and its moisture and ash content were determined. The dried biomass was then analyzed for total nitrogen/total protein (using the Kjeldahl method), total fiber content (through fiber analyzer digestion), total lipids (in a Soxhlet apparatus), and fatty acid characterization (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Apart from phosphorus, which was analyzed by spectrophotometry, the ashes were employed for mineral and trace element characterization via dry mineralization and quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, the total phenolic content was assessed spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method in the algal aqueous extracts. Analyses showed that their protein concentrations ranged from 12 to 24% dry weight (DW), while lipid concentrations varied between 0.51% and 1.52% DW. Regarding the carbohydrate concentration in these seaweeds, a concentration between 48% and 60% DW was observed. The <i>S. polyschides</i> had the highest overall total phenolic content (6.19 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g GAE/100 g of dried algae), while <i>L</i>. <i>ochroleuca</i> had the lowest amount (3.72 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g GAE/100 g of dried algae). <i>U</i>. <i>pinnatifida</i> had the highest total fatty acid content (35.13 mg/g DW), whereas <i>S</i>. <i>latissima</i> presented the lowest value (22.59 mg/g DW). Significant concentrations of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) were observed in both seaweeds, with <i>U</i>. <i>pinnatifida</i> having the highest value (10.20 mg/g DW) and <i>S</i>. <i>latissima</i> the lowest content (4.81 mg/g DW). It is also highlighted that these seaweeds have a nutritional relevance as a source of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:44:20Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:44:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-97ca664b07f04c118af6c2cb61510c1a2023-11-22T22:17:17ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-11-0111221068110.3390/app112210681Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food IndustryDiana Pacheco0Giuseppe Miranda1Carolina P. Rocha2Rosinda L. Pato3João Cotas4Ana M. M. Gonçalves5Sandra M. Dias Santos6Kiril Bahcevandziev7Leonel Pereira8MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Agriculture, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyMARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, PortugalResearch Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Institute of Applied Research (IIA), Agricultural College of Coimbra (ESAC/IPC), 3045-601 Coimbra, PortugalMARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, PortugalMARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, PortugalResearch Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Institute of Applied Research (IIA), Agricultural College of Coimbra (ESAC/IPC), 3045-601 Coimbra, PortugalResearch Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Institute of Applied Research (IIA), Agricultural College of Coimbra (ESAC/IPC), 3045-601 Coimbra, PortugalMARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, PortugalSeaweeds have been incorporated in the daily diet of several human cultures since ancient times, due to their nutritional characteristics and healthy properties. The brown seaweeds <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>, <i>Saccharina latissima</i>, <i>Sacchoriza polyschides</i>, and <i>Laminaria ochroleuca</i> were collected in the Viana do Castelo (Portugal) bay to assess their proximate composition analysis. As a result, the algal biomass was dried, and its moisture and ash content were determined. The dried biomass was then analyzed for total nitrogen/total protein (using the Kjeldahl method), total fiber content (through fiber analyzer digestion), total lipids (in a Soxhlet apparatus), and fatty acid characterization (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Apart from phosphorus, which was analyzed by spectrophotometry, the ashes were employed for mineral and trace element characterization via dry mineralization and quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Moreover, the total phenolic content was assessed spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method in the algal aqueous extracts. Analyses showed that their protein concentrations ranged from 12 to 24% dry weight (DW), while lipid concentrations varied between 0.51% and 1.52% DW. Regarding the carbohydrate concentration in these seaweeds, a concentration between 48% and 60% DW was observed. The <i>S. polyschides</i> had the highest overall total phenolic content (6.19 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g GAE/100 g of dried algae), while <i>L</i>. <i>ochroleuca</i> had the lowest amount (3.72 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g GAE/100 g of dried algae). <i>U</i>. <i>pinnatifida</i> had the highest total fatty acid content (35.13 mg/g DW), whereas <i>S</i>. <i>latissima</i> presented the lowest value (22.59 mg/g DW). Significant concentrations of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) were observed in both seaweeds, with <i>U</i>. <i>pinnatifida</i> having the highest value (10.20 mg/g DW) and <i>S</i>. <i>latissima</i> the lowest content (4.81 mg/g DW). It is also highlighted that these seaweeds have a nutritional relevance as a source of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10681brown seaweedschemical compositionnutritional valuemacro and micronutrientsfatty acidsphenolic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Diana Pacheco Giuseppe Miranda Carolina P. Rocha Rosinda L. Pato João Cotas Ana M. M. Gonçalves Sandra M. Dias Santos Kiril Bahcevandziev Leonel Pereira Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry Applied Sciences brown seaweeds chemical composition nutritional value macro and micronutrients fatty acids phenolic compounds |
| title | Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry |
| title_full | Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry |
| title_fullStr | Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry |
| title_short | Portuguese Kelps: Feedstock Assessment for the Food Industry |
| title_sort | portuguese kelps feedstock assessment for the food industry |
| topic | brown seaweeds chemical composition nutritional value macro and micronutrients fatty acids phenolic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10681 |
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