Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a widespread concern for human health and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be a major source of ARG transmission. In this paper, the potential hosts and genetic characteristics of ARGs in the influent, activated sludge and effluent of WWTP...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/3100 |
| _version_ | 1797472991356911616 |
|---|---|
| author | Ziteng Liu Junqin Yao Huiying Ma Abudukelimu Rukeya Zenghui Liang Wenyan Du Yinguang Chen |
| author_facet | Ziteng Liu Junqin Yao Huiying Ma Abudukelimu Rukeya Zenghui Liang Wenyan Du Yinguang Chen |
| author_sort | Ziteng Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a widespread concern for human health and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be a major source of ARG transmission. In this paper, the potential hosts and genetic characteristics of ARGs in the influent, activated sludge and effluent of WWTPs in Xinjiang were studied by metagenomics. Bacitracin resistance gene (<i>bac</i>A), beta-lactamase gene (<i>class A beta-lactamase</i>), multidrug resistance genes (<i>mex</i>D, <i>qac</i>Edelta1), and sulfonamide resistance genes (<i>sul</i>1, and <i>sul</i>2) are persistent antibiotic resistance genes (PARGs). The potential hosts of ARGs were mainly pathogens, with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (12.9%), <i>Acinetobacter johnsonii</i> (8.94%), and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (5.30%) accounting for the highest proportions. Chromosomal sequences and plasmid sequences accounted for 42.0% and 22.6% of ARG-carrying contigs (ACCs) in the influent, respectively. Meanwhile, the effluent contained 58.3% of ACCs in plasmids and 8.30% in chromosomes. Bacitracin resistance genes and multidrug resistance genes were mainly carried by chromosomes, while resistance genes for macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS), vancomycin, sulfonamide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside were mainly carried by plasmids. ICE<i>Pae</i>690-<i>sul</i>1-<i>qac</i>Edelta1 and ICE<i>Pmi</i>Chn3-<i>sul</i>2 were stable coexistence structures and heighten the transfer potential of ARGs in the environment. This study provided a clearer picture of host bacterial sources and genetic context of ARGs in the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:08:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97d0492a189a44ac8854e645cb1f82af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:08:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-97d0492a189a44ac8854e645cb1f82af2023-11-24T00:23:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-03-01126310010.3390/app12063100Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by MetagenomicsZiteng Liu0Junqin Yao1Huiying Ma2Abudukelimu Rukeya3Zenghui Liang4Wenyan Du5Yinguang Chen6College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a widespread concern for human health and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be a major source of ARG transmission. In this paper, the potential hosts and genetic characteristics of ARGs in the influent, activated sludge and effluent of WWTPs in Xinjiang were studied by metagenomics. Bacitracin resistance gene (<i>bac</i>A), beta-lactamase gene (<i>class A beta-lactamase</i>), multidrug resistance genes (<i>mex</i>D, <i>qac</i>Edelta1), and sulfonamide resistance genes (<i>sul</i>1, and <i>sul</i>2) are persistent antibiotic resistance genes (PARGs). The potential hosts of ARGs were mainly pathogens, with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (12.9%), <i>Acinetobacter johnsonii</i> (8.94%), and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (5.30%) accounting for the highest proportions. Chromosomal sequences and plasmid sequences accounted for 42.0% and 22.6% of ARG-carrying contigs (ACCs) in the influent, respectively. Meanwhile, the effluent contained 58.3% of ACCs in plasmids and 8.30% in chromosomes. Bacitracin resistance genes and multidrug resistance genes were mainly carried by chromosomes, while resistance genes for macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS), vancomycin, sulfonamide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside were mainly carried by plasmids. ICE<i>Pae</i>690-<i>sul</i>1-<i>qac</i>Edelta1 and ICE<i>Pmi</i>Chn3-<i>sul</i>2 were stable coexistence structures and heighten the transfer potential of ARGs in the environment. This study provided a clearer picture of host bacterial sources and genetic context of ARGs in the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/3100persistent antibiotic resistance genemobile genetic elementsARG hostgenetic backgroundmetagenomic assembly |
| spellingShingle | Ziteng Liu Junqin Yao Huiying Ma Abudukelimu Rukeya Zenghui Liang Wenyan Du Yinguang Chen Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics Applied Sciences persistent antibiotic resistance gene mobile genetic elements ARG host genetic background metagenomic assembly |
| title | Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics |
| title_full | Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics |
| title_short | Bacterial Hosts and Genetic Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Wastewater Treatment Plants of Xinjiang (China) Revealed by Metagenomics |
| title_sort | bacterial hosts and genetic characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants of xinjiang china revealed by metagenomics |
| topic | persistent antibiotic resistance gene mobile genetic elements ARG host genetic background metagenomic assembly |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/3100 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zitengliu bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics AT junqinyao bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics AT huiyingma bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics AT abudukelimurukeya bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics AT zenghuiliang bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics AT wenyandu bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics AT yinguangchen bacterialhostsandgeneticcharacteristicsofantibioticresistancegenesinwastewatertreatmentplantsofxinjiangchinarevealedbymetagenomics |