<i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1781 |
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| author | Ioana Boarescu Paul-Mihai Boarescu Raluca Maria Pop Ioana Corina Bocșan Dan Gheban Adriana Elena Bulboacă Anca Dana Buzoianu Sorana D. Bolboacă |
| author_facet | Ioana Boarescu Paul-Mihai Boarescu Raluca Maria Pop Ioana Corina Bocșan Dan Gheban Adriana Elena Bulboacă Anca Dana Buzoianu Sorana D. Bolboacă |
| author_sort | Ioana Boarescu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (AI). The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D offered the highest inhibition percentage for edema, reaching the maximum level of inhibition (95%) after 24 h. The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D showed the ability to reduce tissue inflammatory changes when compared to D alone, while GRCE alone did not exhibit such properties. The association of both doses of GRCE with D showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by up to 55% (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.0317), with the best results obtained by the group who received GRCE in the higher dose. These associations reduced the serum and tissue levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) by up to 71% (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.0371). In conclusion, the association of GRCE with a low dose of D could be an appropriate combination to decrease the dose used to reduce serum and tissue levels of inflammatory molecules, edema, and histological changes in acute inflammation. Further research will be necessary to achieve clinical evaluation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:54:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97d06202293840bfba66611d0eb5051c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:54:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-97d06202293840bfba66611d0eb5051c2024-02-09T15:14:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01253178110.3390/ijms25031781<i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute InflammationIoana Boarescu0Paul-Mihai Boarescu1Raluca Maria Pop2Ioana Corina Bocșan3Dan Gheban4Adriana Elena Bulboacă5Anca Dana Buzoianu6Sorana D. Bolboacă7Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pathological Anatomy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, No. 3–5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaThe present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (AI). The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D offered the highest inhibition percentage for edema, reaching the maximum level of inhibition (95%) after 24 h. The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D showed the ability to reduce tissue inflammatory changes when compared to D alone, while GRCE alone did not exhibit such properties. The association of both doses of GRCE with D showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by up to 55% (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.0317), with the best results obtained by the group who received GRCE in the higher dose. These associations reduced the serum and tissue levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) by up to 71% (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.0371). In conclusion, the association of GRCE with a low dose of D could be an appropriate combination to decrease the dose used to reduce serum and tissue levels of inflammatory molecules, edema, and histological changes in acute inflammation. Further research will be necessary to achieve clinical evaluation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1781diclofenac sodiumcarrageenaninflammationcytokinesginger rootextract |
| spellingShingle | Ioana Boarescu Paul-Mihai Boarescu Raluca Maria Pop Ioana Corina Bocșan Dan Gheban Adriana Elena Bulboacă Anca Dana Buzoianu Sorana D. Bolboacă <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation International Journal of Molecular Sciences diclofenac sodium carrageenan inflammation cytokines ginger root extract |
| title | <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation |
| title_full | <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation |
| title_short | <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation |
| title_sort | i zingiber officinale i root capsule extract synergistically enhance the anti inflammatory effects of diclofenac sodium in experimental acute inflammation |
| topic | diclofenac sodium carrageenan inflammation cytokines ginger root extract |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1781 |
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