High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution
Steganography is the art and practice of communication using hidden messages. The least significant bits (LSB) based method is the well-known type of steganography in the spatial domain. Usually, achieving the larger embedding capacity in LSB-based methods requires a large number of LSB bits modific...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/11/2199 |
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| author | Abdul Alif Zakaria Mehdi Hussain Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab Mohd Yamani Idna Idris Norli Anida Abdullah Ki-Hyun Jung |
| author_facet | Abdul Alif Zakaria Mehdi Hussain Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab Mohd Yamani Idna Idris Norli Anida Abdullah Ki-Hyun Jung |
| author_sort | Abdul Alif Zakaria |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steganography is the art and practice of communication using hidden messages. The least significant bits (LSB) based method is the well-known type of steganography in the spatial domain. Usually, achieving the larger embedding capacity in LSB-based methods requires a large number of LSB bits modification which indirectly reduces the visual quality of stego-image and increases the risk of steganalysis detection attacks. In this study, we propose a novel steganography method with data mapping strategy which can reduce the number of bits modification per pixel. In the proposed method, four secret data bits are mapped with the four most significant bits of a cover pixel. Furthermore, the only two LSBs of a pixel are modified to indicate the mapping strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to achieve 3.48% larger embedding capacity while enhancing the visual quality (i.e., peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) 3.73 dB) and reducing the modification of 0.76 bits per pixel. Moreover, the proposed method provides security against basic Regular and Singular groups (RS) steganalysis and histogram steganalysis detection attacks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:04:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97d7d5a210f344d58c0e2a65e4ba7e63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:04:39Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-97d7d5a210f344d58c0e2a65e4ba7e632022-12-22T00:48:59ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172018-11-01811219910.3390/app8112199app8112199High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB SubstitutionAbdul Alif Zakaria0Mehdi Hussain1Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab2Mohd Yamani Idna Idris3Norli Anida Abdullah4Ki-Hyun Jung5Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaCentre for Foundation Studies in Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Cyber Security, Kyungil University, Gyeongbuk 38428, KoreaSteganography is the art and practice of communication using hidden messages. The least significant bits (LSB) based method is the well-known type of steganography in the spatial domain. Usually, achieving the larger embedding capacity in LSB-based methods requires a large number of LSB bits modification which indirectly reduces the visual quality of stego-image and increases the risk of steganalysis detection attacks. In this study, we propose a novel steganography method with data mapping strategy which can reduce the number of bits modification per pixel. In the proposed method, four secret data bits are mapped with the four most significant bits of a cover pixel. Furthermore, the only two LSBs of a pixel are modified to indicate the mapping strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to achieve 3.48% larger embedding capacity while enhancing the visual quality (i.e., peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) 3.73 dB) and reducing the modification of 0.76 bits per pixel. Moreover, the proposed method provides security against basic Regular and Singular groups (RS) steganalysis and histogram steganalysis detection attacks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/11/2199steganographymapping data hidinginformation hidingspatial domainleast significant bitsmost significant bits |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Alif Zakaria Mehdi Hussain Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab Mohd Yamani Idna Idris Norli Anida Abdullah Ki-Hyun Jung High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution Applied Sciences steganography mapping data hiding information hiding spatial domain least significant bits most significant bits |
| title | High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution |
| title_full | High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution |
| title_fullStr | High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution |
| title_short | High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution |
| title_sort | high capacity image steganography with minimum modified bits based on data mapping and lsb substitution |
| topic | steganography mapping data hiding information hiding spatial domain least significant bits most significant bits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/11/2199 |
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