Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells.
Macrophage infiltration is a negative prognostic factor for most cancers but gastrointestinal tumors seem to be an exception. The effect of macrophages on cancer progression depends on their phenotype, which may vary between M1 (pro-inflammatory, defensive) to M2 (tolerogenic, pro-tumoral). Gastroin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4047028?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818382333149970432 |
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| author | Carlos Hernández María Dolores Barrachina Jesús Cosín-Roger Dolores Ortiz-Masiá Ángeles Álvarez Liria Terrádez María Jesús Nicolau Rafael Alós Juan Vicente Esplugues Sara Calatayud |
| author_facet | Carlos Hernández María Dolores Barrachina Jesús Cosín-Roger Dolores Ortiz-Masiá Ángeles Álvarez Liria Terrádez María Jesús Nicolau Rafael Alós Juan Vicente Esplugues Sara Calatayud |
| author_sort | Carlos Hernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophage infiltration is a negative prognostic factor for most cancers but gastrointestinal tumors seem to be an exception. The effect of macrophages on cancer progression depends on their phenotype, which may vary between M1 (pro-inflammatory, defensive) to M2 (tolerogenic, pro-tumoral). Gastrointestinal cancers often become an ectopic source of gastrins and macrophages present receptors for these peptides. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether gastrins can affect the pattern of macrophage infiltration in colorectal tumors. We have evaluated the relationship between gastrin expression and the pattern of macrophage infiltration in samples from colorectal cancer and the influence of these peptides on the phenotype of macrophages differentiated from human peripheral monocytes in vitro. The total number of macrophages (CD68+ cells) was similar in tumoral and normal surrounding tissue, but the number of M2 macrophages (CD206+ cells) was significantly higher in the tumor. However, the number of these tumor-associated M2 macrophages correlated negatively with the immunoreactivity for gastrin peptides in tumor epithelial cells. Macrophages differentiated from human peripheral monocytes in the presence of progastrin showed lower levels of M2-markers (CD206, IL10) with normal amounts of M1-markers (CD86, IL12). Progastrin induced similar effects in mature macrophages treated with IL4 to obtain a M2-phenotype or with LPS plus IFNγ to generate M1-macrophages. Macrophages differentiated in the presence of progastrin presented a reduced expression of Wnt ligands and decreased the number and increased cell death of co-cultured colorectal cancer epithelial cells. Our results suggest that progastrin inhibits the acquisition of a M2-phenotype in human macrophages. This effect exerted on tumor associated macrophages may modulate cancer progression and should be taken into account when analyzing the therapeutic value of gastrin immunoneutralization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:48:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97d876cf78e64cf39f0174c940bcbd8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:48:48Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-97d876cf78e64cf39f0174c940bcbd8f2022-12-21T23:19:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0196e9845810.1371/journal.pone.0098458Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells.Carlos HernándezMaría Dolores BarrachinaJesús Cosín-RogerDolores Ortiz-MasiáÁngeles ÁlvarezLiria TerrádezMaría Jesús NicolauRafael AlósJuan Vicente EspluguesSara CalatayudMacrophage infiltration is a negative prognostic factor for most cancers but gastrointestinal tumors seem to be an exception. The effect of macrophages on cancer progression depends on their phenotype, which may vary between M1 (pro-inflammatory, defensive) to M2 (tolerogenic, pro-tumoral). Gastrointestinal cancers often become an ectopic source of gastrins and macrophages present receptors for these peptides. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether gastrins can affect the pattern of macrophage infiltration in colorectal tumors. We have evaluated the relationship between gastrin expression and the pattern of macrophage infiltration in samples from colorectal cancer and the influence of these peptides on the phenotype of macrophages differentiated from human peripheral monocytes in vitro. The total number of macrophages (CD68+ cells) was similar in tumoral and normal surrounding tissue, but the number of M2 macrophages (CD206+ cells) was significantly higher in the tumor. However, the number of these tumor-associated M2 macrophages correlated negatively with the immunoreactivity for gastrin peptides in tumor epithelial cells. Macrophages differentiated from human peripheral monocytes in the presence of progastrin showed lower levels of M2-markers (CD206, IL10) with normal amounts of M1-markers (CD86, IL12). Progastrin induced similar effects in mature macrophages treated with IL4 to obtain a M2-phenotype or with LPS plus IFNγ to generate M1-macrophages. Macrophages differentiated in the presence of progastrin presented a reduced expression of Wnt ligands and decreased the number and increased cell death of co-cultured colorectal cancer epithelial cells. Our results suggest that progastrin inhibits the acquisition of a M2-phenotype in human macrophages. This effect exerted on tumor associated macrophages may modulate cancer progression and should be taken into account when analyzing the therapeutic value of gastrin immunoneutralization.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4047028?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Hernández María Dolores Barrachina Jesús Cosín-Roger Dolores Ortiz-Masiá Ángeles Álvarez Liria Terrádez María Jesús Nicolau Rafael Alós Juan Vicente Esplugues Sara Calatayud Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. PLoS ONE |
| title | Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. |
| title_full | Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. |
| title_fullStr | Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. |
| title_short | Progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells. |
| title_sort | progastrin represses the alternative activation of human macrophages and modulates their influence on colon cancer epithelial cells |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4047028?pdf=render |
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