The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries
Global energy demand is rapidly increasing due to population and economic growth, especially in large emerging countries, which will account for 90% of energy demand growth to 2035. Electric vehicles (EVs) play a paramount role in the electrification revolution towards the reduction of the carbon fo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3188 |
| _version_ | 1797532539789770752 |
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| author | Rui Martim Salgado Federico Danzi Joana Espain Oliveira Anter El-Azab Pedro Ponces Camanho Maria Helena Braga |
| author_facet | Rui Martim Salgado Federico Danzi Joana Espain Oliveira Anter El-Azab Pedro Ponces Camanho Maria Helena Braga |
| author_sort | Rui Martim Salgado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global energy demand is rapidly increasing due to population and economic growth, especially in large emerging countries, which will account for 90% of energy demand growth to 2035. Electric vehicles (EVs) play a paramount role in the electrification revolution towards the reduction of the carbon footprint. Here, we review all the major trends in Li-ion batteries technologies used in EVs. We conclude that only five types of cathodes are used and that most of the EV companies use Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC). Most of the Li-ion batteries anodes are graphite-based. Positive and negative electrodes are reviewed in detail as well as future trends such as the effort to reduce the Cobalt content. The electrolyte is a liquid/gel flammable solvent usually containing a LiFeP<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> salt. The electrolyte makes the battery and battery pack unsafe, which drives the research and development to replace the flammable liquid by a solid electrolyte. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97defac97ed14d7382c343dbd4fa8495 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-97defac97ed14d7382c343dbd4fa84952023-11-21T21:31:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-05-012611318810.3390/molecules26113188The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles BatteriesRui Martim Salgado0Federico Danzi1Joana Espain Oliveira2Anter El-Azab3Pedro Ponces Camanho4Maria Helena Braga5DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLAETA, Engineering Faculty, Engineering Physics Department, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLAETA, Engineering Faculty, Engineering Physics Department, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalSchool of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLAETA, Engineering Faculty, Engineering Physics Department, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalGlobal energy demand is rapidly increasing due to population and economic growth, especially in large emerging countries, which will account for 90% of energy demand growth to 2035. Electric vehicles (EVs) play a paramount role in the electrification revolution towards the reduction of the carbon footprint. Here, we review all the major trends in Li-ion batteries technologies used in EVs. We conclude that only five types of cathodes are used and that most of the EV companies use Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC). Most of the Li-ion batteries anodes are graphite-based. Positive and negative electrodes are reviewed in detail as well as future trends such as the effort to reduce the Cobalt content. The electrolyte is a liquid/gel flammable solvent usually containing a LiFeP<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> salt. The electrolyte makes the battery and battery pack unsafe, which drives the research and development to replace the flammable liquid by a solid electrolyte.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3188batteries for mobilityli-ion batteriesgraphite/silicon anodestraditional cathodes |
| spellingShingle | Rui Martim Salgado Federico Danzi Joana Espain Oliveira Anter El-Azab Pedro Ponces Camanho Maria Helena Braga The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries Molecules batteries for mobility li-ion batteries graphite/silicon anodes traditional cathodes |
| title | The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries |
| title_full | The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries |
| title_fullStr | The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries |
| title_short | The Latest Trends in Electric Vehicles Batteries |
| title_sort | latest trends in electric vehicles batteries |
| topic | batteries for mobility li-ion batteries graphite/silicon anodes traditional cathodes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3188 |
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