Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave
In this paper, the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity with megahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves by spaceborne radar is studied based on the EM scattering theory, the Boltzmann–Shukla equations, and the improved scattering matrix method (ISMM). The reflection characteristics of the luna...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2466 |
| _version_ | 1797539042667003904 |
|---|---|
| author | Qingwen Rao Guanjun Xu Wangchen Mao |
| author_facet | Qingwen Rao Guanjun Xu Wangchen Mao |
| author_sort | Qingwen Rao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity with megahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves by spaceborne radar is studied based on the EM scattering theory, the Boltzmann–Shukla equations, and the improved scattering matrix method (ISMM). The reflection characteristics of the lunar surface soil subject to megahertz waves are analyzed through the EM scattering theory and expressed by the lunar surface soil permittivity. Then, the lunar ionosphere is assumed to be composed of dusty plasma, and its EM characteristics are described with the Boltzmann–Shukla equations. Finally, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the propagation of EM waves in the lunar ionosphere are numerically calculated with ISMM. Thus, the complex permittivity of lunar surface soil is obtained. In addition, the effects of detection environment situations, such as the lunar illumination intensity, characteristics of the lunar dust and dust charging process in the lunar ionosphere, on the amplitude and phase of EM waves are also investigated in this study. The simulation results show that an EM wave at a high frequency induces a strong effective wave with a stable phase shift and a significantly small interferential wave. Moreover, the lunar illumination is more effective under EM waves in low frequency bands; the characteristics of the lunar dust have a notable influence on the transmission and absorption coefficients of the effective waves. These conclusions help in real applications involving the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity by spaceborne radar in various lunar environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:39:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97e14b8de158497d911805c807243f69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:39:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-97e14b8de158497d911805c807243f692023-11-21T13:59:31ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01217246610.3390/s21072466Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic WaveQingwen Rao0Guanjun Xu1Wangchen Mao2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaSchool of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaIn this paper, the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity with megahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves by spaceborne radar is studied based on the EM scattering theory, the Boltzmann–Shukla equations, and the improved scattering matrix method (ISMM). The reflection characteristics of the lunar surface soil subject to megahertz waves are analyzed through the EM scattering theory and expressed by the lunar surface soil permittivity. Then, the lunar ionosphere is assumed to be composed of dusty plasma, and its EM characteristics are described with the Boltzmann–Shukla equations. Finally, the transmission and reflection characteristics of the propagation of EM waves in the lunar ionosphere are numerically calculated with ISMM. Thus, the complex permittivity of lunar surface soil is obtained. In addition, the effects of detection environment situations, such as the lunar illumination intensity, characteristics of the lunar dust and dust charging process in the lunar ionosphere, on the amplitude and phase of EM waves are also investigated in this study. The simulation results show that an EM wave at a high frequency induces a strong effective wave with a stable phase shift and a significantly small interferential wave. Moreover, the lunar illumination is more effective under EM waves in low frequency bands; the characteristics of the lunar dust have a notable influence on the transmission and absorption coefficients of the effective waves. These conclusions help in real applications involving the detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity by spaceborne radar in various lunar environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2466lunar explorationdielectric constant of lunar soildust plasma in the lunar ionosphereimproved scattering matrix methodelectromagnetic wave |
| spellingShingle | Qingwen Rao Guanjun Xu Wangchen Mao Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave Sensors lunar exploration dielectric constant of lunar soil dust plasma in the lunar ionosphere improved scattering matrix method electromagnetic wave |
| title | Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave |
| title_full | Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave |
| title_fullStr | Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave |
| title_short | Detection of the Lunar Surface Soil Permittivity with Megahertz Electromagnetic Wave |
| title_sort | detection of the lunar surface soil permittivity with megahertz electromagnetic wave |
| topic | lunar exploration dielectric constant of lunar soil dust plasma in the lunar ionosphere improved scattering matrix method electromagnetic wave |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2466 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qingwenrao detectionofthelunarsurfacesoilpermittivitywithmegahertzelectromagneticwave AT guanjunxu detectionofthelunarsurfacesoilpermittivitywithmegahertzelectromagneticwave AT wangchenmao detectionofthelunarsurfacesoilpermittivitywithmegahertzelectromagneticwave |