The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by a range of phenotypic expressions. Gender may be a relevant factor in mediating the disorder's heterogeneity. The aim of the present report was to explore a large multisite clinical sample of OCD patients, hypothesizing exist...
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Elsevier
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X22000219 |
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| author | Beatrice Benatti Nicolaja Girone Laura Celebre Matteo Vismara Eric Hollander Naomi A. Fineberg Dan J. Stein Humberto Nicolini Nuria Lanzagorta Donatella Marazziti Stefano Pallanti Michael van Ameringen Christine Lochner Oguz Karamustafalioglu Luchezar Hranov Martin Figee Lynne M. Drummond Jon E. Grant Damiaan Denys Leonardo F. Fontenelle Jose M. Menchon Joseph Zohar Carolyn I. Rodriguez Bernardo Dell'Osso |
| author_facet | Beatrice Benatti Nicolaja Girone Laura Celebre Matteo Vismara Eric Hollander Naomi A. Fineberg Dan J. Stein Humberto Nicolini Nuria Lanzagorta Donatella Marazziti Stefano Pallanti Michael van Ameringen Christine Lochner Oguz Karamustafalioglu Luchezar Hranov Martin Figee Lynne M. Drummond Jon E. Grant Damiaan Denys Leonardo F. Fontenelle Jose M. Menchon Joseph Zohar Carolyn I. Rodriguez Bernardo Dell'Osso |
| author_sort | Beatrice Benatti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by a range of phenotypic expressions. Gender may be a relevant factor in mediating the disorder's heterogeneity. The aim of the present report was to explore a large multisite clinical sample of OCD patients, hypothesizing existing demographic, geographical and clinical differences between male and female patients with OCD. Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical variables of 491 adult OCD outpatients recruited in the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network were investigated with a retrospective analysis on a previously gathered set of data from eleven countries worldwide. Patients were assessed through structured clinical interviews, the Yale- Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results: Among females, adult onset (>18 years old) was significantly over-represented (67% vs. 33%, p < 0.005), and females showed a significantly older age at illness onset compared with males (20.85 ± 10.76 vs. 17.71 ± 8.96 years, p < 0.005). Females also had a significantly lower education level than males (13.09 ± 4.02 vs. 13.98 ± 3.85 years; p < 0.05), a significantly higher rate of being married (50.8% vs. 33.5%; p < 0.001) and a higher rate of living with a partner (47.5% vs. 37.6%; p < 0.001) than males. Nonetheless, no significant gender differences emerged in terms of the severity of OCD symptoms nor in the severity of comorbid depressive symptoms. No predictive effect of gender was found for Y-BOCS, MADRS and SDS severity. Discussion/Conclusions.: Our findings showed significant differences between genders in OCD. A sexually dimorphic pattern of genetic susceptibility may have a crucial role to OCD clinical heterogeneity, potentially requiring different specific therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to validate gender as an important determinant of the heterogeneity in OCD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:58:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97e3bab35c9d4a0c8132d06f7207a0d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0010-440X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:58:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-97e3bab35c9d4a0c8132d06f7207a0d22022-12-22T02:36:19ZengElsevierComprehensive Psychiatry0010-440X2022-07-01116152315The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) NetworkBeatrice Benatti0Nicolaja Girone1Laura Celebre2Matteo Vismara3Eric Hollander4Naomi A. Fineberg5Dan J. Stein6Humberto Nicolini7Nuria Lanzagorta8Donatella Marazziti9Stefano Pallanti10Michael van Ameringen11Christine Lochner12Oguz Karamustafalioglu13Luchezar Hranov14Martin Figee15Lynne M. Drummond16Jon E. Grant17Damiaan Denys18Leonardo F. Fontenelle19Jose M. Menchon20Joseph Zohar21Carolyn I. Rodriguez22Bernardo Dell'Osso23Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; CRC 'Aldo Ravelli' for Neuro-technology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Corresponding author at: Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, 20154 Milan, Italy.Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyLuigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyLuigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; CRC 'Aldo Ravelli' for Neuro-technology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USAUniversity of Hertfordshire, School of Life and Medical Sciences and Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Rosanne House, Welwyn Garden City, United KingdomSA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaGenomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, MexicoCarracci Medical Group, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Florence, Institute of Neurosciences, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaSA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South AfricaDepartment of Psychiatry, Sisli Eftal Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyUniversity Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sveti Naum, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsNational Services for OCD/BDD, St. George's, National Health Service Trust, London, United KingdomDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, IL, USADepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPsychiatry Unit at the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Cibersam, Barcelona, SpainPost-Trauma Center, Research Foundation by the Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, IsraelDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USALuigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; CRC 'Aldo Ravelli' for Neuro-technology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USAIntroduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by a range of phenotypic expressions. Gender may be a relevant factor in mediating the disorder's heterogeneity. The aim of the present report was to explore a large multisite clinical sample of OCD patients, hypothesizing existing demographic, geographical and clinical differences between male and female patients with OCD. Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical variables of 491 adult OCD outpatients recruited in the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network were investigated with a retrospective analysis on a previously gathered set of data from eleven countries worldwide. Patients were assessed through structured clinical interviews, the Yale- Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results: Among females, adult onset (>18 years old) was significantly over-represented (67% vs. 33%, p < 0.005), and females showed a significantly older age at illness onset compared with males (20.85 ± 10.76 vs. 17.71 ± 8.96 years, p < 0.005). Females also had a significantly lower education level than males (13.09 ± 4.02 vs. 13.98 ± 3.85 years; p < 0.05), a significantly higher rate of being married (50.8% vs. 33.5%; p < 0.001) and a higher rate of living with a partner (47.5% vs. 37.6%; p < 0.001) than males. Nonetheless, no significant gender differences emerged in terms of the severity of OCD symptoms nor in the severity of comorbid depressive symptoms. No predictive effect of gender was found for Y-BOCS, MADRS and SDS severity. Discussion/Conclusions.: Our findings showed significant differences between genders in OCD. A sexually dimorphic pattern of genetic susceptibility may have a crucial role to OCD clinical heterogeneity, potentially requiring different specific therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to validate gender as an important determinant of the heterogeneity in OCD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X22000219OCDGender differencesAge at onsetEducation |
| spellingShingle | Beatrice Benatti Nicolaja Girone Laura Celebre Matteo Vismara Eric Hollander Naomi A. Fineberg Dan J. Stein Humberto Nicolini Nuria Lanzagorta Donatella Marazziti Stefano Pallanti Michael van Ameringen Christine Lochner Oguz Karamustafalioglu Luchezar Hranov Martin Figee Lynne M. Drummond Jon E. Grant Damiaan Denys Leonardo F. Fontenelle Jose M. Menchon Joseph Zohar Carolyn I. Rodriguez Bernardo Dell'Osso The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network Comprehensive Psychiatry OCD Gender differences Age at onset Education |
| title | The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network |
| title_full | The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network |
| title_fullStr | The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network |
| title_short | The role of gender in a large international OCD sample: A Report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) Network |
| title_sort | role of gender in a large international ocd sample a report from the international college of obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders icocs network |
| topic | OCD Gender differences Age at onset Education |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X22000219 |
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