Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon
Early rearing of steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon hatcheries is often problematic; fry can become emaciated and die during the period between hatch and first feed. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has caused early mortality in salmonids; however, the thiamine status of Or...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/156 |
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| author | Aimee N. Reed Freya E. Rowland Jennifer A. Krajcik Donald E. Tillitt |
| author_facet | Aimee N. Reed Freya E. Rowland Jennifer A. Krajcik Donald E. Tillitt |
| author_sort | Aimee N. Reed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early rearing of steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon hatcheries is often problematic; fry can become emaciated and die during the period between hatch and first feed. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has caused early mortality in salmonids; however, the thiamine status of Oregon’s steelhead populations is unknown, to date. Of the 26 egg samples from three Oregon hatcheries in 2019, 20 (77%) had thiamine levels < 10 nmol/g, and 13 of those samples (50%) had levels <6.5 nmol/g, suggesting the thiamine deficiency of adult, female steelhead. To investigate if thiamine deficiency was causally related to fry survival, females were injected with buffered thiamine HCl 50 mg/kg prior to spawning; additionally, a subset of eggs were supplemented via bath treatment with thiamine mononitrate (1000 ppm) at spawning. Cumulative fry mortality at 8 weeks post-hatch from thiamine-injected females was 2.9% compared to 13.8% mortality of fry without thiamine supplementation. Fry treated only with the thiamine via bath as eggs had a mortality rate of 6.9%. There were no additional improvements for the survival of fry from injected females that also received a thiamine bath. Furthermore, condition factors were greater in thiamine-supplemented fry than in those that received no thiamine. These data identify thiamine deficiency in Oregon steelhead and suggest supplementation with thiamine can mitigate early rearing mortality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-97ed53621cc543fe8ec197f0a8363178 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-97ed53621cc543fe8ec197f0a83631782023-11-16T23:46:23ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-02-0110215610.3390/vetsci10020156Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in OregonAimee N. Reed0Freya E. Rowland1Jennifer A. Krajcik2Donald E. Tillitt3Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Health Services, OSU 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAU.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO 65201, USAOregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Hatchery Research Center, 2457 E. Fall Creek Rd., Alsea, OR 97324, USAU.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO 65201, USAEarly rearing of steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon hatcheries is often problematic; fry can become emaciated and die during the period between hatch and first feed. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has caused early mortality in salmonids; however, the thiamine status of Oregon’s steelhead populations is unknown, to date. Of the 26 egg samples from three Oregon hatcheries in 2019, 20 (77%) had thiamine levels < 10 nmol/g, and 13 of those samples (50%) had levels <6.5 nmol/g, suggesting the thiamine deficiency of adult, female steelhead. To investigate if thiamine deficiency was causally related to fry survival, females were injected with buffered thiamine HCl 50 mg/kg prior to spawning; additionally, a subset of eggs were supplemented via bath treatment with thiamine mononitrate (1000 ppm) at spawning. Cumulative fry mortality at 8 weeks post-hatch from thiamine-injected females was 2.9% compared to 13.8% mortality of fry without thiamine supplementation. Fry treated only with the thiamine via bath as eggs had a mortality rate of 6.9%. There were no additional improvements for the survival of fry from injected females that also received a thiamine bath. Furthermore, condition factors were greater in thiamine-supplemented fry than in those that received no thiamine. These data identify thiamine deficiency in Oregon steelhead and suggest supplementation with thiamine can mitigate early rearing mortality.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/156aquaculturesteelheadthiamine deficiencyfish healthhatchery |
| spellingShingle | Aimee N. Reed Freya E. Rowland Jennifer A. Krajcik Donald E. Tillitt Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon Veterinary Sciences aquaculture steelhead thiamine deficiency fish health hatchery |
| title | Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon |
| title_full | Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon |
| title_fullStr | Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon |
| title_short | Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> in Oregon |
| title_sort | thiamine supplementation improves survival and body condition of hatchery reared steelhead i oncorhynchus mykiss i in oregon |
| topic | aquaculture steelhead thiamine deficiency fish health hatchery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/156 |
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