Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics
Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) is emerging as a powerful imaging technique with superior penetration power in scattering media, allowing for functional imaging of biological tissues at a subcellular level. TPEF is commonly used in cancer diagnostics, as it enables the direct observation o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1293640/full |
| _version_ | 1826800722073616384 |
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| author | Vineeta Kaushik Michał Dąbrowski Michał Dąbrowski Luca Gessa Nelam Kumar Humberto Fernandes |
| author_facet | Vineeta Kaushik Michał Dąbrowski Michał Dąbrowski Luca Gessa Nelam Kumar Humberto Fernandes |
| author_sort | Vineeta Kaushik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) is emerging as a powerful imaging technique with superior penetration power in scattering media, allowing for functional imaging of biological tissues at a subcellular level. TPEF is commonly used in cancer diagnostics, as it enables the direct observation of metabolism within living cells. The technique is now widely used in various medical fields, including ophthalmology. The eye is a complex and delicate organ with multiple layers of different cell types and tissues. Although this structure is ideal for visual perception, it generates aberrations in TPEF eye imaging. However, adaptive optics can now compensate for these aberrations, allowing for improved imaging of the eyes of animal models for human diseases. The eye is naturally built to filter out harmful wavelengths, but these wavelengths can be mimicked and thereby utilized in diagnostics via two-photon (2Ph) excitation. Recent advances in laser-source manufacturing have made it possible to minimize the exposure of in vivo measurements within safety, while achieving sufficient signals to detect for functional images, making TPEF a viable option for human application. This review explores recent advances in wavefront-distortion correction in animal models and the safety of use of TPEF on human subjects, both of which make TPEF a potentially powerful tool for ophthalmological diagnostics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:21:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9806235082944d41bca24cfe4d12b526 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-17T00:55:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-9806235082944d41bca24cfe4d12b5262025-02-19T14:49:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2024-01-011010.3389/fmed.2023.12936401293640Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnosticsVineeta Kaushik0Michał Dąbrowski1Michał Dąbrowski2Luca Gessa3Nelam Kumar4Humberto Fernandes5Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandInternational Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandInternational Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandInternational Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandInternational Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandTwo-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) is emerging as a powerful imaging technique with superior penetration power in scattering media, allowing for functional imaging of biological tissues at a subcellular level. TPEF is commonly used in cancer diagnostics, as it enables the direct observation of metabolism within living cells. The technique is now widely used in various medical fields, including ophthalmology. The eye is a complex and delicate organ with multiple layers of different cell types and tissues. Although this structure is ideal for visual perception, it generates aberrations in TPEF eye imaging. However, adaptive optics can now compensate for these aberrations, allowing for improved imaging of the eyes of animal models for human diseases. The eye is naturally built to filter out harmful wavelengths, but these wavelengths can be mimicked and thereby utilized in diagnostics via two-photon (2Ph) excitation. Recent advances in laser-source manufacturing have made it possible to minimize the exposure of in vivo measurements within safety, while achieving sufficient signals to detect for functional images, making TPEF a viable option for human application. This review explores recent advances in wavefront-distortion correction in animal models and the safety of use of TPEF on human subjects, both of which make TPEF a potentially powerful tool for ophthalmological diagnostics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1293640/fulltwo-photon excitation fluorescencediagnosticsophthalmologyfunctional imagingnon-invasiveadaptive optics |
| spellingShingle | Vineeta Kaushik Michał Dąbrowski Michał Dąbrowski Luca Gessa Nelam Kumar Humberto Fernandes Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics Frontiers in Medicine two-photon excitation fluorescence diagnostics ophthalmology functional imaging non-invasive adaptive optics |
| title | Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics |
| title_full | Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics |
| title_fullStr | Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics |
| title_short | Two-photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology: safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics |
| title_sort | two photon excitation fluorescence in ophthalmology safety and improved imaging for functional diagnostics |
| topic | two-photon excitation fluorescence diagnostics ophthalmology functional imaging non-invasive adaptive optics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1293640/full |
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