Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine
Background: Microsporidia from the <i>Nosema</i> (<i>Vairimorpha</i>) genus are pathogenic fungi that complete their life cycle in the honeybee intestine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the course of infection on the viability of honeybee inte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4957 |
| _version_ | 1797606572169363456 |
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| author | Aneta A. Ptaszyńska Marek Gancarz |
| author_facet | Aneta A. Ptaszyńska Marek Gancarz |
| author_sort | Aneta A. Ptaszyńska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Microsporidia from the <i>Nosema</i> (<i>Vairimorpha</i>) genus are pathogenic fungi that complete their life cycle in the honeybee intestine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the course of infection on the viability of honeybee intestine cells. Methods and Results: Intestines isolated from healthy and <i>N. ceranae</i>-infected honeybees were stained using two dyes, SYTO 9 and propidium iodide, and analyzed under an Axiovert 200M fluorescence microscope immediately after the isolation of the intestines. The ImageJ program was used for the quantitative analysis of the cell structure parameters. Our study demonstrated for the first time that healthy bees have a higher number of live cells in their intestines than infected bees, and that the intestines of <i>N</i>. <i>ceranae</i>-infected honeybees contain dead cells concentrated in spots. The results obtained for these two cases differed significantly, and were confirmed by statistical tests. Conclusions: The intestines of infected honeybees contain dead cells concentrated in red/dead spots, which can lead to necrotic changes, the interruption of the host’s intestinal continuity, intestinal leaking and the increased mortality of the host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:17:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-980a787f73264edf92731af8feb3d141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:17:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-980a787f73264edf92731af8feb3d1412023-11-17T18:11:37ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-04-01138495710.3390/app13084957Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee IntestineAneta A. Ptaszyńska0Marek Gancarz1Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, PolandFaculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, PolandBackground: Microsporidia from the <i>Nosema</i> (<i>Vairimorpha</i>) genus are pathogenic fungi that complete their life cycle in the honeybee intestine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the course of infection on the viability of honeybee intestine cells. Methods and Results: Intestines isolated from healthy and <i>N. ceranae</i>-infected honeybees were stained using two dyes, SYTO 9 and propidium iodide, and analyzed under an Axiovert 200M fluorescence microscope immediately after the isolation of the intestines. The ImageJ program was used for the quantitative analysis of the cell structure parameters. Our study demonstrated for the first time that healthy bees have a higher number of live cells in their intestines than infected bees, and that the intestines of <i>N</i>. <i>ceranae</i>-infected honeybees contain dead cells concentrated in spots. The results obtained for these two cases differed significantly, and were confirmed by statistical tests. Conclusions: The intestines of infected honeybees contain dead cells concentrated in red/dead spots, which can lead to necrotic changes, the interruption of the host’s intestinal continuity, intestinal leaking and the increased mortality of the host.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4957nosemosispollinatorsbeeintestinal leakinglive/dead testsmidgut |
| spellingShingle | Aneta A. Ptaszyńska Marek Gancarz Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine Applied Sciences nosemosis pollinators bee intestinal leaking live/dead tests midgut |
| title | Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine |
| title_full | Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine |
| title_fullStr | Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine |
| title_short | Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine |
| title_sort | microsporidiosis causing necrotic changes in the honeybee intestine |
| topic | nosemosis pollinators bee intestinal leaking live/dead tests midgut |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/4957 |
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