Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion
Hypercholesterolemia is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies reported that the stimulation of transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE), a nonbiliary cholesterol excretion, can be a strategy for preventing CVD. Black elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/6/2790 |
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| author | Sohyeon Jeon Minji Kim Bohkyung Kim |
| author_facet | Sohyeon Jeon Minji Kim Bohkyung Kim |
| author_sort | Sohyeon Jeon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypercholesterolemia is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies reported that the stimulation of transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE), a nonbiliary cholesterol excretion, can be a strategy for preventing CVD. Black elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) has been reported to reduce the risk of CVD via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic effects. However, little is known about the role of black elderberry in intestinal cholesterol metabolism despite its well-known effects on cholesterol homeostasis regulation. To investigate the effects of polyphenol-rich black elderberry extract (BEE) on intestinal cholesterol metabolism, we measured the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and flux in Caco-2 cells. BEE significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of genes for cholesterol absorption, such as Niemann–Pick C1 Like 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). In contrast, there was marked induction of low-density lipoprotein receptor, ABCG5/G8, and ABCB1 in BEE-treated Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, BEE decreased the expression of genes for lipogenesis and altered the mRNA levels of sirtuins. All of the genes altered by BEE were in the direction of flux cholesterol from the basolateral to apical side of enterocytes, indicating stimulation of TICE. These results support the hypocholesterolemic effects of BEE for the prevention of CVD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-980ff5e61e8447b4a8a000be806a80a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-980ff5e61e8447b4a8a000be806a80a02023-11-21T11:22:29ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-03-01116279010.3390/app11062790Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol ExcretionSohyeon Jeon0Minji Kim1Bohkyung Kim2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaHypercholesterolemia is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies reported that the stimulation of transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE), a nonbiliary cholesterol excretion, can be a strategy for preventing CVD. Black elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>) has been reported to reduce the risk of CVD via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic effects. However, little is known about the role of black elderberry in intestinal cholesterol metabolism despite its well-known effects on cholesterol homeostasis regulation. To investigate the effects of polyphenol-rich black elderberry extract (BEE) on intestinal cholesterol metabolism, we measured the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and flux in Caco-2 cells. BEE significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of genes for cholesterol absorption, such as Niemann–Pick C1 Like 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). In contrast, there was marked induction of low-density lipoprotein receptor, ABCG5/G8, and ABCB1 in BEE-treated Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, BEE decreased the expression of genes for lipogenesis and altered the mRNA levels of sirtuins. All of the genes altered by BEE were in the direction of flux cholesterol from the basolateral to apical side of enterocytes, indicating stimulation of TICE. These results support the hypocholesterolemic effects of BEE for the prevention of CVD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/6/2790black elderberryhypocholesterolemiatransintestinal cholesterol excretionCaco-2 cells |
| spellingShingle | Sohyeon Jeon Minji Kim Bohkyung Kim Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion Applied Sciences black elderberry hypocholesterolemia transintestinal cholesterol excretion Caco-2 cells |
| title | Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion |
| title_full | Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion |
| title_fullStr | Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion |
| title_short | Polyphenol-Rich Black Elderberry Extract Stimulates Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion |
| title_sort | polyphenol rich black elderberry extract stimulates transintestinal cholesterol excretion |
| topic | black elderberry hypocholesterolemia transintestinal cholesterol excretion Caco-2 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/6/2790 |
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