Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources
Lignin characteristics are significantly affected by kraft processing and isolation conditions. In the studies carried out in this context, commercial lignins or isolated lignins from industrial black solutions are generally preferred. In this study, in order to conduct more comprehensive research,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/882 |
| _version_ | 1797600103627751424 |
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| author | Çağrı Olgun Saim Ateş |
| author_facet | Çağrı Olgun Saim Ateş |
| author_sort | Çağrı Olgun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignin characteristics are significantly affected by kraft processing and isolation conditions. In the studies carried out in this context, commercial lignins or isolated lignins from industrial black solutions are generally preferred. In this study, in order to conduct more comprehensive research, three lignin samples were isolated from kraft black liquor obtained from laboratory cooking trials of pine, poplar, and wheat straw chips, representing softwoods, hardwoods, and annual plants, respectively, according to efficient pulping studies. In addition, another lignin-containing industrial waste was provided from a pulp mill (OBL). The acidification method was applied for isolating lignin from black liquor samples. After isolating the lignin samples from different sources, they were characterized and compared with the commercially available kraft lignin sample (Indulin AT). Total phenolic groups, carboxyl groups, purity, functional groups, nitrobenzene oxidation products, molecular weight, thermal stability, and element contents were analyzed. The isolated lignin samples (except wheat straw) were as pure as commercial lignin. Since the wheat straw was agricultural waste and an annual plant, inorganic elements such as P, K, and Si were more abundant than in the other samples. However, the polydispersity and molecular weight of all of the isolated lignin samples were higher than those of commercial lignin. Because the ash contents of the lignin samples for pine, poplar, OBL, and indulin AT were between 1 and 3%, they can be used for high-value applications. In particular, despite some disadvantages, wheat straw lignin has greater potential for use in extruders than softwood lignins due to their syringyl content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:43:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9816c9a3114e43df9327f2df39dc3e7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:43:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-9816c9a3114e43df9327f2df39dc3e7c2023-11-18T01:23:07ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-04-0114588210.3390/f14050882Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different SourcesÇağrı Olgun0Saim Ateş1Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, TürkiyeDepartment of Forest Industry Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, TürkiyeLignin characteristics are significantly affected by kraft processing and isolation conditions. In the studies carried out in this context, commercial lignins or isolated lignins from industrial black solutions are generally preferred. In this study, in order to conduct more comprehensive research, three lignin samples were isolated from kraft black liquor obtained from laboratory cooking trials of pine, poplar, and wheat straw chips, representing softwoods, hardwoods, and annual plants, respectively, according to efficient pulping studies. In addition, another lignin-containing industrial waste was provided from a pulp mill (OBL). The acidification method was applied for isolating lignin from black liquor samples. After isolating the lignin samples from different sources, they were characterized and compared with the commercially available kraft lignin sample (Indulin AT). Total phenolic groups, carboxyl groups, purity, functional groups, nitrobenzene oxidation products, molecular weight, thermal stability, and element contents were analyzed. The isolated lignin samples (except wheat straw) were as pure as commercial lignin. Since the wheat straw was agricultural waste and an annual plant, inorganic elements such as P, K, and Si were more abundant than in the other samples. However, the polydispersity and molecular weight of all of the isolated lignin samples were higher than those of commercial lignin. Because the ash contents of the lignin samples for pine, poplar, OBL, and indulin AT were between 1 and 3%, they can be used for high-value applications. In particular, despite some disadvantages, wheat straw lignin has greater potential for use in extruders than softwood lignins due to their syringyl content.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/882black liquorkraft ligninisolatingcharacterizationcomparison |
| spellingShingle | Çağrı Olgun Saim Ateş Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources Forests black liquor kraft lignin isolating characterization comparison |
| title | Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources |
| title_full | Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources |
| title_short | Characterization and Comparison of Some Kraft Lignins Isolated from Different Sources |
| title_sort | characterization and comparison of some kraft lignins isolated from different sources |
| topic | black liquor kraft lignin isolating characterization comparison |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/882 |
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