Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water
This paper describes a new methodology for carrying out quantitative extraction of cloxacillin from drinking and river water samples using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (MISPE). Several polymers were synthesized via thermal polymerization usi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4314 |
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| author | Rosa Mª Garcinuño Eduardo José Collado Gema Paniagua Juan Carlos Bravo Pilar Fernández Hernando |
| author_facet | Rosa Mª Garcinuño Eduardo José Collado Gema Paniagua Juan Carlos Bravo Pilar Fernández Hernando |
| author_sort | Rosa Mª Garcinuño |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper describes a new methodology for carrying out quantitative extraction of cloxacillin from drinking and river water samples using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (MISPE). Several polymers were synthesized via thermal polymerization using cloxacillin as a template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker and different solvents as porogens. Binding characteristics of the adequate molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were evaluated via batch adsorption assays following the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and Scatchard assays. The parameters related to the extraction approach were studied to select the most appropriate polymer for cloxacillin determination. Using the optimized MIP as the SPE sorbent, a simple sample treatment methodology was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze cloxacillin residues in drinking and river water. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the MISPE methodology was validated using spiked samples. The linearity for cloxacillin was assessed within the limits of 0.05–1.5 µg L<sup>−1</sup> and the recovery percentage was higher than 98% (RSD < 4%). The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.29 and 0.37 µg L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.8 and 0.98 µg L<sup>−1</sup> for drinking and river water, respectively. The selectivity of MIP against other ß-lactam antibiotics with similar structures (oxacillin, cefazoline, amoxicillin and penicillin V) was studied, obtaining a good recovery higher than 85% for all except cefazoline. The proposed MISPE-HPLC methodology was successfully applied for the detection of cloxacillin in drinking water from Canal de Isabel II (Madrid) and river water from the Manzanares River (Madrid). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:22:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:22:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-9823dc77e43d4d5d8ba7b22662ce7b0b2023-11-10T15:10:53ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-11-011521431410.3390/polym15214314Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River WaterRosa Mª Garcinuño0Eduardo José Collado1Gema Paniagua2Juan Carlos Bravo3Pilar Fernández Hernando4Department of Analytical Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Analytical Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Analytical Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Analytical Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Analytical Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Las Rozas, 28232 Madrid, SpainThis paper describes a new methodology for carrying out quantitative extraction of cloxacillin from drinking and river water samples using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (MISPE). Several polymers were synthesized via thermal polymerization using cloxacillin as a template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker and different solvents as porogens. Binding characteristics of the adequate molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were evaluated via batch adsorption assays following the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and Scatchard assays. The parameters related to the extraction approach were studied to select the most appropriate polymer for cloxacillin determination. Using the optimized MIP as the SPE sorbent, a simple sample treatment methodology was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze cloxacillin residues in drinking and river water. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the MISPE methodology was validated using spiked samples. The linearity for cloxacillin was assessed within the limits of 0.05–1.5 µg L<sup>−1</sup> and the recovery percentage was higher than 98% (RSD < 4%). The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.29 and 0.37 µg L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.8 and 0.98 µg L<sup>−1</sup> for drinking and river water, respectively. The selectivity of MIP against other ß-lactam antibiotics with similar structures (oxacillin, cefazoline, amoxicillin and penicillin V) was studied, obtaining a good recovery higher than 85% for all except cefazoline. The proposed MISPE-HPLC methodology was successfully applied for the detection of cloxacillin in drinking water from Canal de Isabel II (Madrid) and river water from the Manzanares River (Madrid).https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4314cloxacillinmolecularly imprinted polymersolid-phase extractionadsorption isothermswaterHPLC-DAD |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Mª Garcinuño Eduardo José Collado Gema Paniagua Juan Carlos Bravo Pilar Fernández Hernando Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water Polymers cloxacillin molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction adsorption isotherms water HPLC-DAD |
| title | Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water |
| title_full | Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water |
| title_short | Assessment of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbents for the Detection of Cloxacillin in Drinking and River Water |
| title_sort | assessment of molecularly imprinted polymers as selective solid phase extraction sorbents for the detection of cloxacillin in drinking and river water |
| topic | cloxacillin molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction adsorption isotherms water HPLC-DAD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4314 |
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